Polyoxometalate-based electron transfer modulation for efficient electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction

The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO₂) reduction reaction (CO₂RR) involves a variety of electron transfer pathways, resulting in poor reaction selectivity, limiting its use to meet future energy requirements. Polyoxometalates (POMs) can both store and release multiple electrons in the electrochemical process, and this is expected to be an ideal “electron switch” to match with catalytically active species, realize electron transfer modulation and promote the activity and selectivity of the electrocatalytic CO₂RR. Herein, we report a series of new POM-based manganese-carbonyl (MnL) composite CO₂ reduction electrocatalysts, whereby SiW₁₂–MnL exhibits the most remarkable activity and selectivity for CO₂RR to CO, resulting in an increase in the faradaic efficiency (FE) from 65% (MnL) to a record-value of 95% in aqueous electrolyte. A series of control electrochemical experiments, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), transient photovoltage (TPV) experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that POMs act as electronic regulators to control the electron transfer process from POM to MnL units during the electrochemical reaction, enhancing the selectivity of the CO₂RR to CO and depressing the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This work demonstrates the significance of electron transfer modulation in the CO₂RR and suggests a new idea for the design of efficient electrocatalysts towards CO₂RR.

Polyoxometalates as electron regulators to promote the carbonyl manganese (MnL) electrocatalyst for highly efficient CO₂ reduction in aqueous electrolyte.     

强流回旋加速器综合试验装置的磁场测量与垫补

强流回旋加速器综合试验装置的主体是一台紧凑型回旋加速器,加速器主磁铁材料的不均匀性,磁铁加工和安装的非理想因素将引起中心平面的磁场的非理想分布,因此有必要对其中心平面的磁场进行测量和垫补.本文主要讲述该综合试验装置的霍尔感应磁场测量系统的设计和使用;通过磁场测量数据分析进行镶条的再加工,最终实现对等时性磁场和束流的纵向聚焦的垫补;研究与实践了一种对磁场一次谐波进行垫补的方法,垫补的结果满足了设计的要求.     

Pulse radiolysis study of rapid electron transfer from electron adduct and reducing OH adduct of dAMP to riboflavin and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

Rapid electron transfer from electron adduct and reducing OH adduct of 2'-deoxyadenosine-5'-monophosphate acid (dAMP) to riboflavin (RF) and flavin adenine dinudeotide (FAD) was studied using the time-resolved pulse radiolysLs techniques. Both spectroscopic and kinetic analyses showed that transient absorption spectrum of electron adduct or OH adduct of dAMP formed at first, and then changed to that of radical anion of RF or FAD after several microseconds of pulse. The evidence indicated that electron transfer from electron adduct and reducing OH adduct of dAMP to RF or FAD did occur. From buildup or bleaching kinetics of radical anions of RF and FAD, the rate constants for electron transfer were determined, respectively.     

机械泵驱动两相回路的实时动态模型分析

在航空航天领域,为了加速系统设计及测试进度,通常需要进行半实物实时仿真,即控制器用实物,受控对象采用数学模型。本文开发出了基于Matlab/Simulink的两相传热模块,并用其搭建了某机械泵驱动两相回路的实时动态模型。通过与实验的对比,验证了模型的可靠性,表明该模型满足实时要求,可以在下一步用于半实物仿真。     

GdVO4:Ln3+(Ln=Eu,Tm,Dy)荧光粉的水热法制备及其发光性能

以EDTA为矿化剂,采用水热法制备了Gd VO4∶Dy~(3+)、Gd VO4∶Dy~(3+),Eu~(3+)和Gd VO4∶Dy~(3+),Eu~(3+),Tm~(3+)荧光粉,研究了所制备样品的相结构、形貌、荧光性质、Dy~(3+)到Eu~(3+)的能量传递及Dy~(3+)的4F9/2→6H15/2跃迁的衰减曲线。X射线衍射(XRD)确定了所合成的Gd VO4∶0.03Dy~(3+)、Gd VO4∶0.03Dy~(3+),0.07Eu~(3+)和Gd VO4∶0.03Dy~(3+),0.07Eu~(3+),0.07Tm~(3+)样品均为四方晶系;扫描电镜(SEM)显示Gd VO4∶0.03Dy~(3+),0.07Eu~(3+)和Gd VO4∶0.03Dy~(3+),0.07Eu~(3+),0.07Tm~(3+)均为棒状结构,平均长度分别约为0.458和0.491μm;通过研究Gd VO4∶Dy~(3+),Eu~(3+)的发射光谱和衰减曲线,佐证了Dy~(3+)到Eu~(3+)的能量传递过程,并确定了其能量传递的机制为偶极-偶极相互作用。通过调节Gd VO4∶0.03Dy~(3+),x Eu~(3+)荧光粉中Eu~(3+)的掺杂浓度实现了准白光输出(0.424,0.350);调节Gd VO4∶0.03Dy~(3+),0.07Eu~(3+),y Tm~(3+)荧光粉中Tm~(3+)的掺杂浓度,也实现了白光输出(0.346,0.301)。     

含蜜胺基团的新型苝酰亚胺染料的合成及纳米纤维的构筑

合成了一种含三嗪基团的新型苝酰亚胺染料(T-PTCD), 并对其分子结构进行了确认. 考察了溶剂的极性和溶剂体积比等因素对相转移法和快速溶剂扩散法制备的T-PTCD聚集体形貌结构的影响. 结果表明, 以甲醇和三氯甲烷分别作为"不良"溶剂和"良"溶剂, 低体积比甲醇/氯仿在一定程度上有利纳米纤维的形成; 当体积比为1:4时, 采用相转移法可制备出直径大约100 nm左右, 长度为几十微米的结构规整的纳米纤维.     

Dynamic thermal modeling and parameter identification for monolithic laser diode module

We improve the thermal equivalent-circuit model of the laser diode module (LDM) to evaluate its thermal dynamic property and calculate the junction temperature of the laser diode with a high accuracy. The thermal parameters and the transient junction temperature of LDM are modeled and obtained according to the temperature of the thermistor integrated in the module. Our improved thermal model is verified indirectly by monitoring the emission wavelength of the laser diode against gas absorption lines, and several thermal parameters are obtained with the temperature uncertainty of 0.01 K in the thermal dynamic process.     

Recent progress on the application of LIBS for metallurgical online analysis in China

Recent progress on the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for metallurgical analysis particularly achieved by Chinese research community is briefly reviewed in this article. The content is mainly focused on the progress in experimental research and calibration methods toward LIBS applications for metallurgical online analysis over the past few years. Different experiment setups such as single-pulse and double-pulses LIBS schematics are introduced. Various calibration methods for different metallic samples are presented. Quantitative results reported in the literature and obtained in the analysis of various samples with different calibration methods are summarized. At the last section of this article, the difficulties of LIBS application for molten metal analysis in a furnace are discussed.     

CO_2两相回路启动过程阶段蒸发和干烧现象分析

采用并联蒸发器作为传热元件,并联冷凝器作为散热部件,建立了包括热量收集、传递与排散的机械泵驱动两相回路集成试验系统,并对该系统的热启动进行实验研究.实验结果表明:(1)在冷工况、低热流密度的情况下,采用长程毛细管结构的蒸发器对分布式小热源进行集热时,会出现阶段性形核沸腾蒸发,并且上游过热液体形核沸腾后会导致下游出现干烧现象.(2)对于该系统,并联蒸发器相同热量同时启动是相对较好的启动方式.     

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术参数选择及优化

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)系统性能受调制参数,如调制度、调制频率、扫描幅度及扫描频率影响,实际测量中各参数不存在明确的选择依据。针对此问题,文章在一定的理论基础上通过实验分别观察各调制参数对二次谐波信号的影响,通过分析检测信号的特征,如幅值、信噪比、对称性及峰宽得出其变化规律,总结出在不同系统功能和需求下系统各调制参数的优化依据及方法。系统在计算浓度和温度时应优先考虑幅值和信噪比,从而使调制度达到最佳值,调制频率和扫描频率取较小值;在线形推导压强时优先考虑信号的对称性和峰宽,根据计算的具体要求确定调制参数;扫描幅度的确定以得到完整谐波信号为准;再根据系统的速度和精度需求调整扫描频率。该研究为此类系统工作状态的确定提供了实验依据。