A New theory for evaluating the number density of inclusions in films

A new formulation derived from thermal characters of inclusions and host films for estimating laser induced damage threshold has been deduced. This formulation is applicable for dielectric films when they are irradiated by laser beam with pulse width longer than tens picoseconds. This formulation can interpret the relationship between pulse-width and damage threshold energy density of laser pulse obtained experimentally. Using this formulation, we can analyze which kind of inclusion is the most harmful inclusion. Combining it with fractal distribution of inclusions, we have obtained an equation which describes relationship between number density of inclusions and damage probability. Using this equation, according to damage probability and corresponding laser energy density, we can evaluate the number density and distribution in size dimension of the most harmful inclusions.     

NEW ALTERNATING DIRECTION FINITE ELEMENT SCHEME FOR NONLINEAR PARABOLIC EQUATION

A new alternating direction (AD) finite element (FE) scheme for 3-dimensional nonlinear parabolic equation and parabolic integro-differential equation is studied. By using AD, the 3-dimensional problem is reduced to a family of single space variable problems, calculation work is simplified; by using FE, high accuracy is kept; by using various techniques for priori estimate for differential equations such as inductive hypothesis reasoning, the difficulty arising from the nonlinearity is treated. For both FE and ADFE schemes, the convergence properties are rigorously demonstrated, the optimal H1-and L2-norm space estimates and the 0((△t)2) estimate for time variable are obtained.     

紧矩阵量子群G的余表示与其对偶量子群(A)的关系

设 G=（A,△）为紧矩阵量子群,G为A的所有有限维光滑的、不可约余表示等价类的集合.本文通过（A,△）的一个余表示Vo构造了两个相互配对的集合,利用Hilbert C＊-模的理论证明它们分别为A和Baaj与Skandalis构造的量子群A,并且证明了对任意的α∈G,在A中都对应一个有限维投影算子Pα,满足 dim（α）=dim（pα）.     

Analysis of saltation characteristics of bed-load transport in flowing water

The study of bed-load transport is of great significance both in theory and in practice. This paper discusses the saltation of bed-load solid grains in flowing water. Experiments and theoretic analysis have been made by means of high-speed photographing and advanced data processing technique with a combined method based on mechanical and statistical theories. It indicates that the saltation is the main form of the bed-load transport under ordinary flowing conditions. In the meantime, taking successive saltation as the model of bed-load transport, systematic analysis has been made with regard to the kinematic properties and mechanism of saltation. The statistical analysis shows that the probability density functions of the relative height and length of saltation are in conformity with Γ-type distribution, while the probability density functions of the relative velocities of saltation are in conformity with the Gaussian distribution. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Crystallographic report: Bis[bis(N,N‐dibenzyldithiocarbamato)cadmium(II)]

The centrosymmetric structure of {Cd[S₂CN(CH₂Ph)₂]₂}₂ features both bridging and chelating dithiocarbamate ligands so that a square pyramidal S₅ coordination geometry results. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Metallothionein as a biomarker for mercury in tissues of rat fed orally with cinnabar

Cinnabar, as one of the most widely used mineral drugs in traditional Chinese medicines, has been proven to have prominent curative effects in clinical use for more than 2000 years. But the safety and toxicity of the drug has been under constant debate in clinic usage. Metallothionein (MT) contains about 30% of cysteine in the molecule, and plays an important detoxification role against heavy metals. In this study, it was used as a biomarker to assess mercurial accumulation in rats fed orally with cinnabar. After feeding rats with cinnabar by gastric gavage at different dosages and at different times, the distribution of heavy metals (including mercury, copper and zinc) and MT was investigated among rat tissues, including liver, kidney, heart, brain, testis and blood. Metals and MT determinations were carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and a modified mercury saturation assay technique respectively. The results indicated that mercury was easily accumulated in the tissues of rats exposed to cinnabar, especially in kidney. For example: at a feeding dosage of 5 g kg^?1 (bw) for 4 weeks, the mercury concentrations in kidney were 13, 8.7, 21.6 and 26 times those in liver, testis, brain and heart respectively; and at 2.5 g kg^?1 (bw) for 2 weeks, the mercury concentrations in kidney were 21, 2.1, 3 and 21 times those in liver, testis, brain and heart respectively. In addition, mercury in kidney and liver of all cinnabar groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). A high positive correlation observed between MT concentrations and mercury levels in both liver and kidney (R² = 0.9299, P < 0.02 for liver; R² = 0.9923, P < 0.0008 for kidney) indicated that MT could be used as a biomarker for mercury in tissues. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

槲寄生蛋白注射液细胞毒活性测定的MTT方法探讨

采用MTT比色法对体外培养的肿瘤细胞进行细胞毒作用实验，验证槲寄生蛋白注射液体外抗肿瘤效果．并且鉴定这种检测方法的有效性。实验结果表明槲寄生蛋白注射液有一定的体外抗肿瘤效果；MTT比色法是一种可用的体外细胞毒作用检测法，为新药品的开发提供了实验依据。     

Magnetic deflection of neutral metal clusters in a beam

A new apparatus for measuring the magnetic properties of metal clusters has been constructed. The technique involves the conventional Stern-Gerlach deflection scheme together with modern pulsed laser vaporization source technology and time of flight mass spectrometry. High field seeking monodirectional deflections have been measured for cobalt clusters containing between 40 and 400 atoms. The measured magnetic moments per atom are found to be lower than the known values for the bulk. Special attention has been given to velocity measurements of the metal clusters and the carrier gas atoms in the beam. The residence time of the particles in the source cavity has been measured.     

Electrocatalytic activity of ordered intermetallic PtSb for methanol electro-oxidation

Ordered intermetallic PtSb had been synthesized by arc-melted and then sintering treatment. The electro-oxidation of liquid methanol on PtSb was investigated at room temperature by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results are compared to those at a polycrystalline platinum electrode surface. It was found that PtSb intermetallic was catalytically more active than pure platinum according to the onset potential and current density. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and XPS technologies had been used to investigate the crystal structure and electron effect.