Faraday-Michelson system for quantum cryptography

Quantum key distribution provides unconditional security for communication. Unfortunately, current experimental schemes are not suitable for long-distance fiber transmission because of phase drift or Rayleigh backscattering. In this Letter we present a unidirectional intrinsically stable scheme that is based on Michelson-Faraday interferometers, in which ordinary mirrors are replaced with 90 degree Faraday mirrors. With the scheme, a demonstration setup was built and excellent stability of interference fringe visibility was achieved over a fiber length of 175 km. Through a 125 km long commercial communication fiber cable between Beijing and Tianjin, the key exchange was performed with a quantum bit-error rate of less than 6%, which is to our knowledge the longest reported quantum key distribution experiment under field conditions.     

基于数学形态学的表面原子熔融相的 STM图像识别算法

高温扫描隧道显微镜(HT-STM)可以实时原位地捕捉到表面原子的熔化相变过程.在这一原位变温实验中,快速可靠地识别出每帧STM图像中的熔融相十分关键.传统的手工统计方法存在效率低下、随意性大等问题.我们发展出一套基于数学形态学的算法,来自动快速地识别.与人工方法相比,该算法消除了人为主观误差,使确定的边界更加准确、光滑,处理效率提高了266倍.     

激光等离子体的电子温度对Thomson散射离子声波双峰的影响

通过对不同激光条件产生的等离子体进行Thomson散射实验诊断，发现在距靶面为150 μm的临界密度面内，离子声波双峰强度出现明显的不对称性，而且强峰的位置发生了转移：当等离子体的电子温度较高时，强峰出现在短波方向；当等离子体电子温度较低时，强峰出现在长波方向.光的拉曼散射效应对应地解释了离子声波的双峰结构、双峰强度不对称性及强峰出现的位置.建立了光的拉曼散射与电子的Thomson散射的对应关系.     

Triggering and guiding of high voltage discharge by using femtosecond laser filaments with different parameters

This paper demonstrates the triggering and guiding of the stationary high voltage (HV) discharges at 5--40 kV by using plasma filaments generated by femtosecond laser pulses in air. A significant reduction of the breakdown voltage threshold due to the pre-ionization of the air gap by laser filamentation is observed. The discharge experiments are performed by using laser pulses with different energy from 15--60 mJ. The electron density of filaments is detected by sonography method. The influence of the electron density of laser filaments on the triggering and guiding HV discharge is experimentally investigated. The results have shown that the behaviour of plasma filaments can strongly affect the efficiency of triggering and guiding HV discharge.     

Speech dereverberation method based on spectral subtraction and spectral line enhancement

Speech signals recorded with a distant microphone usually are interfered by the spatial reverberation in the room, which severely degrades the clarity and intelligibility of speech. A speech dereverberation method based on spectral subtraction and spectral line enhancement is proposed in this paper. Following the generalized statistical reverberation model, the power spectrum of late reverberation is estimated and removed from the reverberation speech by the spectral subtraction method. Then, according to the human auditory model, a spectral line enhancement technique based on adaptive post-filtering is adopted to further eliminate the reverberant components between adjacent speech formants. The proposed method can effectively suppress the spatial reverberation and improve the auditory perception of speech. The subjective and objective evaluation results reveal that the perceptual quality of speech is greatly improved by the proposed method.     

基于iPLS的血清胆固醇、甘油三酯近红外定量分析

为了建立血清样品胆固醇、甘油三酯近红外分析最优模型,利用近红外透射光谱技术结合间隔偏最小二乘法（iPLS）建立预测模型。结果表明,胆固醇最优建模波段是1700—1798nm,最优预测模型的相关系数Rp、预测均方差RMSEP分别为0.984、0.198mmol/L;甘油三酯最优建模波段是1654-1746nm,最优预测模型的Rp、RMSEP分别为0.967、0.157mmol/L。采用iPLS建立血清胆固醇、甘油三酯定量分析模型,不仅可以提高模型的预测精度,而且模型更加简洁、数据运算量也更少,优选出的特征谱区还可为设计小型专用近红外分析仪器提供依据。     

3 GPa熔融盐固体介质三轴高温压力容器的轴压摩擦力标定

 在温度标定和围压标定的基础上,采用轴压循环方法,对3 GPa固体介质三轴高温高压实验系统的轴压摩擦力进行了标定,分析了围压、温度、轴向位移速率、装样方式（盐套类型）等实验条件对轴压摩擦力的影响。结果表明：静摩擦力、挤压摩擦力和滑动摩擦力3种轴压摩擦力对轴向应力的影响不同,其中静摩擦力和挤压摩擦力对轴向应力的影响很小,影响应力精度的主要是滑动摩擦力。静摩擦力及滑动摩擦力与围压正相关;静摩擦力与轴向位移速率正相关,但受其影响较小,滑动摩擦力不受其影响;静摩擦力和滑动摩擦力与温度负相关,并且受其影响较显著;盐套类型对轴压摩擦力的影响较大,当实验条件接近盐套熔点时,轴压摩擦力显著降低,当样品周围的盐套处于熔融状态时,轴压摩擦力最小。基于此,确定了标定轴压摩擦力的具体步骤,并对角闪岩的应力-应变曲线进行了轴压摩擦力标定。对比轴压摩擦力校正前、后的应力-应变曲线发现,经过轴压摩擦力校正的应力-应变曲线能更好地反映样品的实际变形情况。     

一种油田原油含水率的近红外光谱检测与分析方法

石油作为重要战略资源,对其组分进行实时分析检测在石油化工领域有着重要意义.随着石油资源的不断开发,在已长时间开采油井的生产过程中以及新油井开采前,需要对井下原油组分进行分析检测,以判定开采的必要性.原油组分实时检测,在原油开采、生产、储运以及销售过程中都起着关键的作用,针对传统检测方法存在精度低、效率低等问题,近年来在...     

提高近红外光谱法检测人体血液等复杂溶液成分准确度的研究进展

近红外光谱常被用于含氢有机物质等的物化参数测量,可以提供丰富的结构和组成信息在复杂溶液的光谱定量分析中更是被广泛应用.然而在人体血液等复杂溶液的近红外光谱分析中,强大的背景信息造成的噪声干扰和冗余变量的存在,严重影响着样品的光谱测量和分析,影响着分析的效率和准确度.如何消除背景噪声等的干扰来提高分析准确度已经引起高度重...     

Development of a stable isotope dilution UPLC‐MS/MS method for quantification of dexmedetomidine in a small amount of human plasma

Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a selective central α2‐agonist with anesthetic properties and has been used in clinical practice for sedation in the intensive care unit (ICU) after operations. In this study, an analytical assay for the determination of Dex in a small amount of plasma was developed for the application to pediatric ICU trials. The quantification of Dex was constructed using the original stable isotope Dex‐d₃ for electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) in the selected reaction monitoring mode. A rapid ultra‐performance liquid chromatography technique was adopted using ESI‐MS/MS with a runtime of 3 min. Efficacious concentration levels (50 pg/mL to 5 ng/mL) could be evaluated using a very small amount of plasma (10 μL) from patients. The lower limit of the quantification was 5 pg/mL in the plasma (100 µL). For sample preparation, a solid‐phase extraction was used along with the OASIS‐HLB cartridge type. Recovery values ranged from 98.8 to 100.3% for the intra‐ [relative standard deviation (RSD), 0.9–1.3%] and inter‐ (RSD, 0.9–1.5%) day assays. A stable test had recovery values that ranged from 97.8 to 99.7% with an RSD of 1.0–1.9% for the process/wet extract, bench‐top, freeze–thaw and long‐term tests. This method was used to measure the Dex levels in plasma from pediatric ICU patients. In the clinical ICU trial, the small amount of blood (approximate plasma volume, 200 μL) remaining from blood gas analysis was reused and targeted for the clinical analysis of Dex in plasma. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.