有机胺与醌类化合物电荷转移络合物的研究

研究了二异丙胺(DIPA)、2,2,6,6—四甲基—4—羟基啶(TMHP)与四氯苯醌(CA)、苯醌(BQ)在一些溶剂形成电荷转移络合物(CTC)的反应。结果表明:DTPA—CA呈色较快,生成的CTC紫外光谱λ_(CTC)吸收值变化大。在环已烷中分离出N-取代产物。用甲醇作溶剂,则得到2,3,5,6-四甲氧基-1.4-苯醌(TMOBQ)。文中还用电子自旋共振谱,证实了CTC中存在醌负离子自由间体。     

乙烯系单体自由基聚合的阻聚效应——Ⅷ.1,3,5-三苯甲(月替)对甲基丙烯酸甲酯的自由基阻聚及历程

用膨胀计法研究了1,3,5-三苯甲(月替)(TFH)及其与苯醌(BQ)、四氯苯醌(CA)和1,4-萘醌(NQ)的混合物对偶氮二异丁腈引发的甲基丙烯酸甲酯的阻聚效应。结果表明,TFH与BQ或NQ按一定比例混合阻聚效果显著。但TFH与CA混合则阻聚效果反倒比TFH单独用作阻聚时差。文中研究TFH的变色反应以及聚合系统中(TF·)的存在。初步讨论了TFH及TFH-Q混合对MMA的阻聚反应机理。     

几个分子和负离子的QCI势能曲线

用ＱＣＩＳＤ（Ｔ）／６３１１＋Ｇ（３ｄｆ，２ｐ）（简称ＱＣＩ）计算了ＢＨ－（２Π），ＢＦ－（２Π），ＢＨ（１∑），ＢｅＨ－（１∑），ＢｅＦ－（１∑）和ＢＦ（１∑）的较完整的势能曲线，探讨了这些体系的稳定性和解离过程．同时用Ｍｏｒｓｅ函数和ＥＲ函数拟合得到势能曲线，用拟合结果计算谐性频率和非谐性频率，并与已有的实验数据（ＢＨ和ＢＦ分子）进行比较，由此考察了ＱＣＩ理论方法在远离平衡构型时的可靠性．对于因单参考态近似导致的反常势能曲线进行了ＣＡＳＳＣＦ计算．还比较了ＱＣＩ和Ｇ２理论中标准的ＭＰ２（ｆｕｌ）／６３１平衡几何构型及其对ＱＣＩ总能量的影响．     

小议启发

l 什么是启发式 启发式,是指在教师指导下充分调动学生学习的积极性,激发学生思维为前提的一种教学思想.“启”要发挥教师的主导作用,调动学生学习的积极性,引起求知的欲望和兴趣,善于发现问题,做到“举一反三”.“发”是学生在教师的启迪下,充分发挥自己的主观能动性,进行独立思考,在已有知识的基础上,通过逻辑推理,得出正确的结论,提高分析问题和解决问题的能力.     

Manganese-Modulated Cobalt-Based Layered Double Hydroxide Grown on Nickel Foam with 1D–2D–3D Heterostructure for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Urea Oxidation Reaction

Hydrogen production by energy-efficient water electrolysis is a green avenue for the development of contemporary society. However, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) occurring at the anode are impeded by the sluggish reaction kinetics during the water-splitting process. Consequently, it is promising to develop bifunctional anodic electrocatalysts consisting of nonprecious metals. Herein, a bifunctional CoMn layered double hydroxide (LDH) was grown on nickel foam (NF) with a 1D–2D–3D hierarchical structure for efficient OER and UOR performance in alkaline solution. Owing to the significant synergistic effect of Mn doping and heterostructure engineering, the obtained Co₁Mn₁ LDH/NF exhibits satisfactory OER activity with a low potential of 1.515 V to attain 10 mA cm⁻². Besides, the potential of the Co₁Mn₁ LDH/NF catalyst for UOR at the same current density is only 1.326 V, which is much lower than those of its counterparts and most reported electrocatalysts. An urea electrolytic cell with a Co₁Mn₁ LDH/NF anode and a Pt–C/NF cathode was established, and a low cell voltage of 1.354 V at 10 mA cm⁻² was acquired. The optimized strategy may result in promising candidates for developing a new generation of bifunctional electrocatalysts for clean energy production.     

Observation of room temperature ferromagnetism in pure La2O3 nanoparticles

In this paper, we report the observation of intrinsic room temperature ferromagnetism in pure La₂O₃ nanoparticles. Magnetism measurement indicates that all of the samples exhibit room temperature ferromagnetism and the saturation magnetization for the samples decreases with the increase in annealing temperature from 700 to 1,000 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy identifies the presence of oxygen vacancies in the La₂O₃ nanoparticles. The fitting results of the O 1s spectrum indicate that the variation of the oxygen vacancy concentration is in complete agreement with the change of the saturation magnetization. It is also found that the saturation magnetization of the La₂O₃ nanoparticles can be tuned by post-annealing in argon or oxygen atmosphere. These results suggest that the oxygen vacancies are largely responsible for the room temperature ferromagnetism in pure La₂O₃ nanoparticles.     

Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature using thinned fiber based Mach–Zehnder interferometer

A novel method for simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature based on a small core and cladding diameters thinned fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) using singlemode-multimode-thinned-multimode-singlemode (SMTMS) fiber structure is proposed. Experiments indicate that the selected two interference orders have sensitivities of ?16.1936 nm/RIU and 0.0534 nm/°C, and ?23.0473 nm/RIU and 0.0575 nm/°C, respectively, among RI range from 1.3325–1.3720 and temperature range from 22 °C–82 °C. We can thus use the coefficient matrix of these two peaks to simultaneously determine the surrounding refractive index and temperature. The fabrication is easy, safe and cost effective, includes only the fusion splicing, making the device properly attractive for practical sensor applications.     

精密宏微复合绝对式光栅尺设计与研究

通过对光栅尺原理的研究,设计一种宏微复合切换测量模式,利用增量码进行低精度测量,绝对码进行高精度测量。采用增量方式采集莫尔条纹的高速性,解决高精度绝对位置采集的低速性,实现宏微复合的高速与高精度的测量。实验证明,高精度低速绝对位置测量过程中测量精度可达0.6 m,在测量中使用新型高速与低速的变速切换测量方式,综合测量速度最高可以达到2 m/s。