描述复合型疲劳裂纹扩展路径的等效模型

复合型裂纹的扩展路径不同于Ⅰ型裂纹,会沿着与初始裂纹面不同的方向扩展,扩展路径的准确预测对扩展速率的评估具有重要的作用.采用最大周向应力准则和最小应变能密度准则进行扩展路径的预测时,开裂角的误差会使裂纹不断偏离实际路径,造成最终结果的较大偏差.论文将复合裂纹在扩展过程中的弯折裂纹简化为直线裂纹,对简化过程中所产生的误差进行定量分析,并在此基础上提出了一种描述复合型裂纹扩展路径的等效修正模型.将此模型写入ABAQUS扩展有限元模块,实现了基于等效修正模型的疲劳裂纹扩展程序.通过对含中心斜裂纹板的疲劳裂纹扩展试验,验证了该模型的有效性,预测的开裂角与试验结果基本一致,所得到的载荷循环次数低于试验值,对含裂纹结构的寿命评估偏于保守.     

一种悬臂梁模态测试方法1)

基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论得到悬臂梁自由振动的振型函数。通过数值计算得出实验用的悬臂梁前五阶振型的节点位置及其与梁长的比值。考虑传感器对悬臂梁固有频率的影响,建立梁-传感器模型进行仿真分析并得出悬臂梁前五阶固有频率。基于节点位置和测点位置,在实验中选择激励点。将具体实验的结果与梁-传感器仿真模型结果进行对比,通过前五阶固有频率的误差分析,发现仿真分析结果与实验结果误差最高为 1.3%。研究完整地叙述了悬臂梁的模态测试流程,可为工程技术人员的模态测试起一定的指导作用。     

In原子在GaAs(001)表面的成核与扩散研究

近年来,半导体量子点特别是InAs量子点的基本物理性质和潜在应用得到了广泛研究。许多研究者利用InAs量子点结构的改变以调制其光电特性。本文采用液滴外延法在GaAs(001)表面沉积了不同沉积量的In(3 ML、4 ML、5 ML),以研究In的成核机制和表面扩散。实验发现,随着In沉积量的增加,液滴尺寸(包括直径、高度)明显增大。不仅如此,在相同的衬底温度下,沉积量越大,液滴密度越大。利用经典成核理论,计算了GaAs(001)表面In液滴形成的临界厚度为0.57 ML,计算的结果与已报道的实验一致。从In原子在表面的迁移和扩散,以及衬底中Ga和液滴中的In之间的原子互混原理解释了In液滴形成和形貌演化的机理。实验中得到的In液滴临界厚度以及In液滴在GaAs(001)上成核机理,可以为制备InAs量子点提供实验指导。     

关于流体力学中的几个基本概念的再解读

对流体力学课程中的几个基本概念,如：变形、连续介质假设、流体微团、欧拉描述等,进行了深入解读,探讨了这些概念所代表的本来含义以及所可能产生的疑惑与误区.通过解读分析,能够澄清学生的一些模糊认识,帮助学生从正反两方面理解这些概念,建立起对流体力学的基本的正确的认知.     

铜合金微塑性成形力学性能及其本构关系

对不同晶粒大小、不同特征尺寸的H62黄铜箔进行微拉伸实验,分析试样晶粒大小和特征尺寸对材料变形行为的影响.随着晶粒尺寸的减小,试样拉伸屈服应力逐渐增大,晶粒尺寸对屈服应力的影响满足Hall-Petch细晶强化关系;屈服强度随厚度的减小先减弱而后增强,随宽度的减小而增强;晶体塑性理论、表面层模型可以解释延伸率、抗拉强度随比表面积的增大而减小的现象.在实验数据的基础上通过修正双线性模型建立H62黄铜箔微塑性成形本构模型.     

基于Verilog-A模型的同轴电缆X射线响应电路仿真

针对核爆炸对电子系统中同轴电缆产生的系统电磁脉冲效应数值计算效率低的问题,分析了同轴电缆的在核爆脉冲X射线辐照下的电学行为,建立了同轴电缆的Verilog-A等效模型,并以SPICE模型为基础构建了核爆环境下同轴电缆系统电磁脉冲效应的电路计算模型,该电路模型与传统数值模型相比,计算速率显著提高,同时该模型还可扩展用于同轴电缆两端连接半导体器件及功能电路的电子系统仿真。     

基于AFM的固液界面表面电荷密度测量方法

固液界面的表面电荷会影响微纳流体系统的流体阻力,因此如何测量固液界面的表面电荷密度以及分析表面电荷的产生机理对于研究表面电荷对流体阻力的影响具有较大的意义。提出了一种基于接触式AFM的固液界面表面电荷密度测量方法。基于该方法测量了浸在去离子水和0.01 mol/L的NaCl溶液中的高硼硅玻璃和二氧化硅样本的表面电荷密度,并研究了溶液pH值对表面电荷的影响。研究结果表明高硼硅玻璃和二氧化硅由于表面硅烷基的电离带负电。溶液pH值和离子浓度的增加都会增加浸在去离子水和0.01 mol/L的NaCl溶液中高硼硅玻璃和二氧化硅的表面电荷密度的绝对值。     

电子束泵浦XeCl准分子激光器及应用

为了获得高能紫外激光输出,开展了电子束泵浦XeCl准分子激光技术研究。详细介绍了四向电子束泵浦准分子激光装置的工作原理和结构特征,简述Marx发生器的放电电压、放电电流,激光气室中的沉积能量,激光脉冲能量、脉宽等参数的测量方法;研究了电子束泵浦XeCl准分子激光输出特性,得到了激光脉冲能量随激光气室内混合气体气压变化的规律,当激光器的充电电压为81 kV时,获得了能量100 J、脉宽200 ns的XeCl准分子激光输出,其本征效率约为3.2%。并且开展了XeCl准分子激光辐照涂层材料力学特性研究,采用微型红外通光冲量探头测量不同条件下激光辐照涂层材料的冲量耦合系数,在常压空气环境中的冲量耦合系数约为8.3210-5 NW-1。     

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence with dual-emission and pressure-induced bidirectional shifting: cooperative effects of intramolecular and intermolecular energy transfer

Different from the conventional piezochromic materials with a mono-redshift of single emission, our well-designed molecule demonstrates a sensitive turn-on and color-tunable piezochromic luminescence in response to the hydrostatic pressure. The molecule PXZ-W-SOF possesses dual-emission and pressure-induced bidirectional shifting characteristics. On the basis of in-depth experimental studies, on one hand, it is confirmed that the origin of the dual-emission behavior is the intramolecular charge transfer, namely thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), and the intermolecular excimer; on the other hand, the emission of the excimer exhibits three-step variations with increasing pressure, which is mainly attributed to the molecular structure and its crystal packing state. The remarkable color change of PXZ-W-SOF from sky-blue to green to deep-blue during the whole process of boosting and releasing pressure is a result of intramolecular and intermolecular energy-transfer interactions. The PXZ-W-SOF molecular model is an extremely rare example of highly sensitive fluorescence tuning driven by TADF and excimer conversion under mechanical stimulation, thus providing a novel mechanism for the field of piezochromism. The unique molecular design also offers a new idea for rare deep-blue and ultraviolet TADF materials.

A high-contrast luminescent material exhibits dual-emission and pressure-induced bidirectional shifting, originating from the cooperative effects of TADF and excimers. It provides a novel mechanism for the piezochromic behavior.     

A Rapid Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Strategy of Carbamazepine in Serum by Using Coffee-Ring Effect Assisted Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Carbamazepine (CBZ) has a narrow therapeutic concentration range, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is necessary for its safe and effective individualized medication. This study aims to develop a procedure for CBZ detection in serum using coffee-ring effect assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Silver nanoparticles deposited onto silicon wafers were used as the SERS-active material. Surface treatment optimization of the silicon wafers and the liquid–liquid extraction method were conducted to eliminate the influence of impurities on the silicon wafer surface and the protein matrix. The proposed detection procedure allows for the fast determination of CBZ in artificially spiked serum samples within a concentration range of 2.5–40 μg·mL⁻¹, which matches the range of the drug concentrations in the serum after oral medication. The limit of detection for CBZ was found to be 0.01 μg·mL⁻¹. The developed method allowed CBZ and its metabolites to be ultimately distinguished from real serum samples. The developed method is anticipated to be a potential tool for monitoring other drug concentrations.