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991.
We study rate processes in general Gaussian fluctuating environments using a path integral formalism. We derive a variational equation for the dominant survival path when the fluctuations relax exponentially or according to a stretched exponential law. In the case of a slowly varying barrier, the equilibrium regression approximation which is used by Frauenfelder and coworkers emerges. In this approximation, the survival path follows the ordinary law of relaxation to equilibrium. If the rate coefficients vary rapidly with environmental variables, however, the dominant survival paths exhibit more complex behaviour. Many phenomena analogous to geometrical optics occur. These include reflection off of rapid variations in rate constant, as well as refraction, giving paths very different from the equilibrium relaxation properties. A model with a piece-wise linear rate exhibits the basic phenomena, and the survival path equation is exactly solved for the general stretched exponential relaxing environment.  相似文献   
992.
A light-emitting poly (distyryldimethylbenzene-co-triethylene glycol) rod-coil block copolymer was used to fabricate films with three-dimensionally ordered honeycomb structures by the breath-figure method. Photocurrent generation and photovoltaic performance are studied, and the dependence of photocurrent on applied electric field is investigated. Introducing the ordered porous structure significantly improves the photoelectric conversion behavior, because porous structures not only enhance the light-harvesting efficiency but also benefit charge separation and charge transfer. This phenomenon may have great prospects for enhancing the photovoltaic behavior of organic thin-film devices.  相似文献   
993.
~~Pulse radiolysis of one-electron oxidation of rare tricyclic nucleoside derivative@赵红卫$Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences! Shanghai 201800,China @江致勤$Department of Chemistry, Tongji Unviersity!Shanghai 200092,China @窦大营$Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences! Shanghai 201800,China @吴铁一$Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences! Shanghai 201800,China @王文锋$Shanghai…  相似文献   
994.
XRD,DTA,比表面测定等结果表明,制备方法对MoO3/ZrO2结构有决定性影响.仲钼酸铵浸渍仅经干燥的Zr(OH)4再经高温焙烧所得团体超强酸MoO3/ZrO2(Ⅰ)与浸渍晶态ZrO2所得部分氧化催化剂MoO3/ZrO2(Ⅱ)的载体形态有明显不同.(1)MoO3/ZrO2(Ⅰ)的比表面数倍于MoO3/ZrO2(Ⅱ);(2)MoO3含量增加时,MoO3/ZrO2(Ⅰ)的比表面逐步增大至一极大值再缓缓下降,而MoO3/ZrO2(Ⅱ)的比表面随MoO3含量增加而单调下降;(3)在MoO3/ZrO2(Ⅰ)中,ZrO2以介稳四方相存在,而在MoO3/ZrO2(Ⅱ)中则是稳定的单斜相.在此基础上研究了事先引入的活性组分在载体织构形成过程中的作用,包括延迟ZrO2晶化,阻碍晶粒长大及与之相关的相变等,并讨论了MoO3/ZrO2(Ⅰ)中MoO3最佳含量的科学含义.  相似文献   
995.
掺杂镨的纳米二氧化钛光催化降解2,4-二硝基苯酚的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以钛酸丁酯为原料,用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)法制备了掺杂镨的纳米TiO2粉末.采用X光衍射仪对粉体的物相进行了表征.样品经500 ℃焙烧2 h后,0.5%(摩尔分数)Pr3+-TiO2纳米粉末为单一的锐钛型结构.通过粉体对2,4-二硝基苯酚的降解情况对其光催化活性进行了测试,结果表明与纯TiO2相比,Pr3+-TiO2的光催化活性有较大提高,当Pr3+的掺入量为0.5%(摩尔分数)时催化活性最高.以高压汞灯为光源,2,4-二硝基苯酚的初始浓度为50 mg·L-1,催化剂0.5%(摩尔分数)Pr3+-TiO2投加量为1.0 g·L-1时,2,4-二硝基苯酚的光催化降解效果最好.  相似文献   
996.
The ternary complex Pd(Ⅱ)-2,2‘-bipyridine-L-asparagic acid was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR-spectra and molar conductance. The formula of the complex is Pd(bipy)(L-asp). The interaction of the complex with DNA has been studied by UV-spectra, fluorescence spectra, CD-spectra and gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the interaction of the complex with DNA performed mainly in intercalative mode and the extent of interaction was dependent on the concentration of the complex.  相似文献   
997.
Controlled/“Living “Radical Polymerization of(-)-Menthyl Methacrylate   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Yong  An  XU  Hong  XUE 《中国化学快报》2003,14(2):141-142
The atom transfer radical polymerization(ARP)of (-)-menthyl methacrylatc((-)-MnMA) mediated by CuCl/bipyridine and ethy1 2-bromopropionate or 1-phenylethyl bromide in THF system has been studied.The dependence of the specific rotation on molecular weight and the CD of Poly((-)-MnMA) thus obatined was investigated.  相似文献   
998.
The reductive alkylation of amine with carbonyl compounds usingsodium hydrogen telluride has been investigated in recent years.Application of this method to the synthesis of N-alkyl derivativesof biologically important amino acids and their esters is described.  相似文献   
999.
1000.
Denison MS  Zhao B  Baston DS  Clark GC  Murata H  Han D 《Talanta》2004,63(5):1123-1133
Proper epidemiological, risk assessment and exposure analysis of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) and related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) requires accurate measurements of these chemicals both in the species of interest and in various exposure matrices (i.e. biological, environmental, food and feed). High-resolution instrumental analysis techniques are established for these chemicals, however, these procedures are very costly and time-consuming and as such, they are impractical for large scale sampling studies (i.e. for epidemiological studies and assessment of areas with widespread contamination). Accordingly, numerous bioanalytical methods have been developed for the detection of these chemicals in extracts from a variety of matrices, the majority of which take advantage of the ability of these chemicals to activate the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the AhR signal transduction pathway. Here we review the currently available in vitro AhR-based cell bioassay systems with a focus on recent recombinant reporter gene cell lines that have been developed for detection and relative quantitation of TCDD and related HAHs. Comparison of the relative sensitivities of the various cell bioassays and examples of their use in screening and analysis of environmental, biological, and food and feed samples are presented. Currently available experimental results and validation studies demonstrate the utility of these cell bioassay systems to provide a relatively rapid, accurate, and cost effective screening approach for the detection of TCDD and related HAHs in a variety of environmental, biological, food and feed samples. The availability of these cell bioassay systems will not only facilitate the large scale sampling studies needed for accurate assessment of contamination and exposure to these environmental chemicals, but they provide avenues for the identification of novel classes of TCDD-like chemicals.  相似文献   
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