Theoretical analysis for the mechanical behavior caused by an electromagnetic cycle in ITER $$\hbox {Nb}_{3}\hbox {Sn}$$ cable-in-conduit conductors

The central solenoid (CS) is one of the key components of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) tokamak and which is often considered as the heart of this fusion reactor. This solenoid will be built by using \(\hbox {Nb}_{3}\hbox {Sn}\) cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC), capable of generating a 13 T magnetic field. In order to assess the performance of the \(\hbox {Nb}_{3}\hbox {Sn}\) CICC in nearly the ITER condition, many short samples have been evaluated at the SULTAN test facility (the background magnetic field is of 10.85 T with the uniform length of 400 mm at 1% homogeneity) in Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasma (CRPP). It is found that the samples with pseudo-long twist pitch (including baseline specimens) show a significant degradation in the current-sharing temperature (Tcs), while the qualification tests of all short twist pitch (STP) samples, which show no degradation versus electromagnetic cycling, even exhibits an increase of Tcs. This behavior was perfectly reproduced in the coil experiments at the central solenoid model coil (CSMC) facility last year. In this paper, the complex structure of the \(\hbox {Nb}_{3}\hbox {Sn}\) CICC would be simplified into a wire rope consisting of six petals and a cooling spiral. An analytical formula for the Tcs behavior as a function of the axial strain of the cable is presented. Based on this, the effects of twist pitch, axial and transverse stiffness, thermal mismatch, cycling number, magnetic distribution, etc., on the axial strain are discussed systematically. The calculated Tcs behavior with cycle number show consistency with the previous experimental results qualitatively and quantitatively. Lastly, we focus on the relationship between Tcs and axial strain of the cable, and we conclude that the Tcs behavior caused by electromagnetic cycles is determined by the cable axial strain. Once the cable is in a compression situation, this compression strain and its accumulation would lead to the Tcs degradation. The experimental observation of the Tcs enhancement in the CS STP samples should be considered as a contribution of the shorter length of the high field zone in SULTAN and CSMC devices, as well as the tight cable structure.     

A time domain collocation method for obtaining the third superharmonic solutions to the Duffing oscillator

In this study, a simple time domain collocation method (TDC) is applied to investigate the third superharmonic solutions of the Duffing oscillator. Upon using the proposed scheme, the multivaluedness, jump phenomenon, and transitional region of the third superharmonic response are explored. The amplitude frequency response curves for various values of damping, nonlinearity, and external force are obtained and compared. In addition, instead of collocating at N points so that the resulting nonlinear algebraic system is well determined, we extend the time domain collocation method to a new version by collocating at M>N points. The resulting over determined system is solved by the least square method. The extended time domain collocation method can significantly relieve the nonphysical solution phenomenon, which may be severe in the time domain collocation method, and its equivalent high dimensional harmonic balance method. Finally, numerical examples confirm the simplicity, efficiency, and accuracy of the proposed scheme.     

Tb3+掺杂CePO4花状团簇的控制合成及发光性能

在无模板条件下,通过调节Tb3+的浓度水热法控制合成了CePO₄∶Tb花状团簇。花状团簇由直径为80～90 nm、长度约为1 μm的纳米线组成。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和荧光光谱分析了产物的相结构、晶粒尺寸、形貌及发光性能。当Ce3+/Tb3+摩尔比为0.850∶0.150时,Tb3+在过量的磷酸体系中诱导纳米线组装生长成花状团簇。发现反应物Ce3+/Tb3+摩尔比和磷酸浓度影响产物形貌的控制合成。并推测了花状团簇的生长机制。产物CePO₄∶Tb的荧光性质测试表明,当Ce3+/Tb3+摩尔比为0.850∶0.150时,所合成的花状团簇的发射强度达到最大值,Tb3+的掺入量继续增加其发光强度迅速降低。     

The “resultant bifurcation diagram” method and its application to bifurcation behaviors of a symmetric railway bogie system

The concept of symmetric bifurcation for a symmetric wheel-rail system is defined. After that, the time response of the system can be achieved by the numerical integration method, and an unfixed and dynamic Poincaré section and its symmetric section for the symmetric wheel-rail system are established. Then the ??resultant bifurcation diagram?? method is constructed. The method is used to study the symmetric/asymmetric bifurcation behaviors and chaotic motions of a two-axle railway bogie running on an ideal straight and perfect track, and a variety of characteristics and dynamic processes can be obtained in the results. It is indicated that, for the possible sub-critical Hopf bifurcation in the railway bogie system, the stable stationary solutions and the stable periodic solutions coexist. When the speed is in the speed range of Hopf bifurcation point and saddle-node bifurcation point, the coexistence of multiple solutions can cause the oscillating amplitude change for different kinds of disturbance. Furthermore, it is found that there are symmetric motions for lower speeds, and then the system passes to the asymmetric ones for wide ranges of the speed, and returns again to the symmetric motions with narrow speed ranges. The rule of symmetry breaking in the system is through a blue sky catastrophe in the beginning.     

Tb3+,Yb3+共掺杂LuBO3荧光粉的下转换发光

利用水热法成功合成了近红外量子剪裁荧光粉LuBO3∶15;Tb3+,x; Yb3+(x=0,1,2,4,8,12).通过X射线衍射(XRD)、光致发光谱(PL)、激发谱(PLE)和荧光寿命测试了合成物质的物相结构与发光性质.在286 nm(Tb3+∶7 F6→5D)紫外光激发下,观察到了Tb3∶5D4→7Fj(J=6,5,4,3)可见波段特征发射光和Yb3+:2F5/2→2F7/2的近红外光.研究了Yb3+浓度与激发发射光谱和荧光寿命之间的关系,表明Tb3+和Yb3+之间存在能量传递.当Tb3和Yb3+掺杂摩尔浓度分别为15;和2;时,近红外发射最强.计算得知,其最大下转换量子效率为160.74;.     

Multi-element analysis by ArF laser excited atomic fluorescence of laser ablated plumes: Mechanism and applications

A new multi-element analysis technique based on laser-excited atomic fluorescence was reviewed. However, the one-wavelength-one-transition constraint was overcome. Numerous elements were induced to fluoresce at a single excitation wavelength of 193 nm. This was possible provided that the analytes were imbedded in dense plumes, such as those produced by pulsed laser ablation. The underlying mechanism of the technique was explained and corroborated. Analytical applications to metals, plastics, ceramics and their composites were discribed. Detection limits in the ng/g range and mass limits of atto moles were demonstrated. Several real-world problems, including the analysis of paint coating for trace lead, the non-destructive analysis of potteries and ink, the chemical profiling of electrode-plastic interfaces, and the analysis of ingestible lead colloids were discussed.     

含电子媒介物的一次性葡萄糖传感器的响应性能

目前,适合于测量体内、外生理溶液中葡萄糖浓度的葡萄糖检测装置中,国外便携式产品占据全部国内市场,其中绝大部分是基于比色原理,近些年国外又推出一次性使用电化学葡萄糖传感器。基于葡萄糖传感器中新的测量电流方法,本文主要从材料选择和结构进行研究,以提高传感器的性能。本研究以水溶性高分子材料聚丙烯酰胺为载体,探讨加入电子媒介物铁氰化钾后,一次性传感器的各种影响因素及影响规律,并探索工作电极和参比电极为相同材料的可行性,为制作性能优良的一次性传感器提供依据。     

Kinetic Adsorption of Cd onto Nanometer Al2O3/Carbon Fibre

Introduction There are many vast water areas where water con-tains higher contents of metals than the recommendedconcentrations with the rapid development of machinemanufacturing, metallurgical industry, organic chemi-cal industry, petrochemical industry, and mining in-dustry in recent years. Ingesting the water with metalconcentrations exceeding the limit exerts a harmfuleffect on human health.Removal of metals from aqueous media can beachieved by electrodialysis, chemical precipitation, ad-s…     

Inclusion Complex of Paclitaxel in Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

Introduction Paclitaxel （as Taxol） is a kind of diterpenoid natural product extracted from Chinese yew. It has been reported to have high anti-tumor effects, such as the activity against oophorama, mammary cancer, encephaloma, cervical carcinoma, and non- small-cell lung carcinoma. One of the major problems of paclitaxel applied to therapy is its extremely low solubility in water. In addition, paclitaxel is administered as a slow infusion in a vehicle consisting of Cremophor EL （ polyoxyethylated castor oil ）. However, Cremophor has been observed to cause severe, occasionally fatal hypersensitivity reactions in animals and humans. Therefore, paclitaxel therapy includes a prophylactic regimen of antihistamines and corticosteroids , along with a prolonged infusion time to reduce the severity and incidence of hypersensitivity reactions. Because of the reasons mentioned above, currently its preparation needs to be improved further.     

Genetic Structure Analysis of Human Remains from Khitan Noble Necropolis

IntroductionInformation provided by ancient mitochondrialDNA(mtDNA)has been regarded as one of the mostpowerful tools for understanding and reconstructing thepast from the genetic perspective[1].In recent years,molecular studies have been widely employed …