X-ray spectra induced in highly charged 40Arq+ interacting with Au surface

By use of optical spectrum technology, the spectra of X-ray induced by highly charged ⁴⁰Ar ^q+ ions interacting with Au surface have been studied. The results show that the argon Kα X-ray were emitted from the hollow atoms formed below the surface. There is a process of multi-electron exciting in neutralization of the Ar¹⁶⁺ion, with electronic configuration 1s² in its ground state below the solid surface. The yield of the projectile Kα X-ray is related to its initial electronic configuration, and the yield of the target X-ray is related to the projectile kinetic energy.     

利用原子的塞曼光谱对半导体激光器进行稳频

中性原子的超精细能级在磁场中产生塞曼分裂 ,另外 ,左旋和右旋圆偏振光激发下原子的跃迁选择定则不同 ,因此 ,原子在超精细塞曼能级间的吸收谱峰相对无磁场条件下的吸收谱峰有一定的移动。利用这一点 ,验证了一种简单、灵活的方法对半导体激光器进行稳频 ,使激光器的线宽稳到小于 1MHz。通过对实验结果的分析 ,发现由左旋和右旋圆偏振光激发引起的原子吸收谱峰移动之和与饱和吸收峰半高宽相等时 ,稳频效果最好     

Au/Al2O3催化剂的UV-Vis谱研究

研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (CTAB) /正己醇 /水体系的W/O微乳体系中 ,几种主要实验参数对用NaBH4还原氯金酸溶液制得的金纳米粒子大小的影响。实验结果表明 :微乳体系中水与表面活性剂的摩尔比rw 在所研究的范围内对金粒子大小影响不大 ,而氯金酸溶液的浓度对金粒子大小影响较大。通过优化制备条件 ,用两种不同的方法制备了Au/Al2 O3 催化剂 ,并用紫外 可见光谱、透射电镜 (TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对其进行表征 ,初步考察了不同制备方法对催化剂中活性组分Au粒大小的影响     

Atomic oxygen erosion resistance of polyimide/ZrO2 hybrid films

A series of polyimide/zirconia (PI/ZrO₂) hybrid films were synthesized based on zirconium n-butoxide, pyromellitic acid dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) by a sol-gel process. The atomic oxygen (AO) exposure tests were carried out using a ground-based atomic oxygen effects simulation facility. The effects of ZrO₂ content on the morphology and structure evolvement of PI/ZrO₂ hybrid films were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), respectively. The results indicated that a zirconia-rich layer was formed on the polyimide film sourcing from the zirconium n-butoxide after AO exposure, which decreased the erosion rate and obviously improved the AO resistance of polyimide films.     

Influence of Initial Pulse Chirp on Rainbow-Like Supercontinuum Generation from Filamentation in Air

Supereontinuum （SC） generation from laser filamentation in air is found to depend strongly on the pulse duration. Rainbow-like SC generation is observed only for a pulse of appropriate negative chirp that agrees with the predictions put forward by Golubtsov et al. [Quantum Electron. 33 （2003） 525]. The conversion efficiency of an 800-nm laser light to rainbow-like SC is found to be the highest for 257fs pulses with an initial negative chirp. A larger chirp will lead to filamentation surviving at longer distance.     

固态类杂芪分子一阶超极化率测定及溶剂效应

用溶致变色法研究溶剂对反式 (4 N ,N 二甲氨基 ) (4 N 甲基吡啶基 )杂芪碘 (DAPSI) ,反式 (2 N 甲基吡咯基 ) (4 N 甲基吡啶基 )杂芪碘 (MPPSI) ,反式 (2 吡咯基 ) (4 N 甲基吡啶基 )杂芪碘 (PPSI)、反式 (2 呋喃基 ) (4 N 甲基吡啶基 )杂芪碘 (FPSI)、反式 (2 噻吩基 ) (4 N 甲基吡啶基 )杂芪碘 (TPSI)和反式 (4 N 甲基吡啶基 )杂芪碘 (PSI)的分子一阶超极化率 (βxxx)的影响 ,揭示了溶剂极性 (ET(30 ) )与类杂芪染料的 βxxx值间很好的线性关系和影响规律 ,引入了溶剂化效应对待测化合物分子能级的影响与待测化合物分子间相互作用能级间存在等效能级的概念 ,从溶剂极性 (ET(30 )值 )与 βxxx值间的线性关系求出了在纯固态下类杂芪染料的 βsxxx值 ,及基态与第一激发态间跃迁能和最大吸收波长 .证明了MPPSI、PPSI、FPSI、TPSI和PSI在纯固态下的 βsxxx值与给电子取代基的富电子性间有很好的线性关系     

Water‐soluble hyperbranched polyelectrolytes with high fluorescence quantum yield: Facile synthesis and selective chemosensor for Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions

New water‐soluble hyperbranched polyfluorenes bearing carboxylate side chains have been synthesized by the simple “A2 + B2 + C3” protocol based on Suzuki coupling polymerization. The linear polyfluorene analogue LPFA was also synthesized for comparative investigation. The optical properties of the neutral precursory polymers in CHCl₃ and final carboxylic‐anionic conjugated polyelectrolytes in buffer solution were investigated. The obtained hyperbranched polyelectrolyte HPFA2 with lower content of branch unit (2%) showed excellent solubility and high fluorescence quantum yield (?_F = 89%) in aqueous solution. Fluorescence quenching of HPFA2 by different metal ions was also investigated, the polyelectrolyte showed high selectivity for Hg²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions relative to other various metal ions in buffer solution. The Stern‐Volmer constant K_sv was determined to be 0.80 × 10⁶ M^?1 for Hg²⁺ and 3.11 × 10⁶ M^?1 for Cu²⁺, respectively, indicating the potential application of HPFA2 as a highly selective and sensitive chemosensor for Hg²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions in aqueous solution. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3431–3439, 2010     

Controlled Quantum Secure Direct Communication by?Using Four Particle Cluster States

We present a controlled quantum secure direct communication protocol by using cluster states via swapping quantum entanglement and local unitary operation. In the present scheme, the sender transmit the secret message to the receiver directly and the secret message can only be recovered by the receiver under the permission of the controller.     

Structural determination of two new triterpenoids biotransformed from glycyrrhetinic acid by Mucor polymorphosporus

Five hydroxylated derivatives of glycyrrhetinic acid by Mucor polymorphosporus were isolated. Among them, 6β, 7β‐dihydroxyglycyrrhentic acid (2) and 27‐hydroxyglycyrrhentic acid (3) are new compounds. Their chemical structures were identified by spectral methods including 2D‐NMR. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Coordination number of zinc ions in the phosphotriesterase active site by molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics

We have run several molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on zinc-containing phosphotriesterase (PTE) with two bound substrates, sarin and paraoxon, and with the substrate analog diethyl 4-methylbenzylphosphonate. A standard nonbonded model was employed to treat the zinc ions with the commonly used charge of +2. In all the trajectories, we observed a tightly bound water (TBW) molecule in the active site that was coordinated to the less buried zinc ion. The phosphoryl oxygen of the substrate/inhibitor was found to be coordinated to the same zinc ion so that, considering all ligands, the less buried zinc was hexa-coordinated. The hexa-coordination of this zinc ion was not seen in the deposited X-ray pdb files for PTE. Several additional MD simulations were then performed using different charges (+1, +1.5) on the zinc ions, along with ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, to evaluate the following possibilities: the crystal diffraction data were not correctly interpreted; the hexa-coordinated zinc ion in PTE is only present in solution and not in the crystal; and the hexa-coordinated zinc ion in PTE is an artifact of the force field used. A charge of +1.5 leads to a coordination number (CN) of 5 on both zinc ions, which is consistent with the results from ab initio and DFT calculations and with the latest high resolution X-ray crystal structure. The commonly used charge of +2 produces a CN of 6 on the less buried zinc. The CN on the more buried zinc ion is 5 when the substrate/inhibitor is present in the simulation, and increases to 6 when the substrate/inhibitor is removed prior to the simulation. The results of both of the MD and quantum mechanical calculations lead to the conclusion that the zinc ions in the PTE active site are both penta-coordinated, and that the MD simulations performed with the charge of +2 overestimate the CN of the zinc ions in the PTE active site. The overall protein structures in the simulations remain unaffected by the change in zinc charge from +2 to +1.5. The results also suggest that the charge +1.5 is the most appropriate for the molecular dynamics simulations on zinc-containing PTE when a nonbonded model is used and no global thermodynamic conclusion is sought. We also show that the standard nonbonded model is not able to properly treat the CN and energy at the same time. A preliminary, promising charge-transfer model is discussed with the use of the zinc charge of +1.5.