核能湿氦气透平闭式循环探索研究

1前言前苏联于1954年建成世界首座核电站后,核能和平利用得到蓬勃发展。高温气冷堆（HTGR）受到重视,进展很大山,许多学者也在积极开展相应的能量转换系统的研究,最据代表性的是模块化高温气冷堆一氦气轮机闭式循环（MHR－－GT）［‘－‘］。从能的梯级利用原理看,它在热力学上是不完善的,仍有较大提高性能的空间。本文基于总能系统概念l’］,在核能Brayton闭式循环（NEBCC）l’］基础上,应用工质湿化循环原理l’,‘］,探索一种新颖的核能湿氦气透平闭式循环（HHTCC）。它更能充分发挥高温堆的高温优势,是一种较理想的核…     

全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术分析重馏分油中芳烃组成

通过对升温速度、二维补偿温度、调制周期等关键实验参数的优化,建立了全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOF MS)分析重馏分油中芳烃组分的方法,得到了重馏分油芳烃组分按环数分布的二维点阵图。根据谱库检索、标准化合物对照及文献报道,对重馏分油芳烃组分中菲、甲基菲及芘、苯并蒽等常见多环芳烃(PAH)进行了准确定性,并将该方法应用到重馏分油加氢处理工艺研究中,对菲、芘的加氢处理产物进行了定性分析。该研究为重馏分油芳烃组分的准确定性提供了新的技术手段,为加深对油品加氢规律的认识提供了技术支持。全二维气相色谱与普通一维色谱对比,在重馏分油的芳烃组分分析上体现了极大优势。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定婴儿奶粉中的维生素B_(12)

建立了超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定婴儿奶粉中维生素B12的方法。采用三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白质,HLB固相小柱吸附净化提取液中的维生素B12,以50%的甲醇洗脱,吹去甲醇后定容测定,色谱柱为ACQUTITY UPLC BEH C18柱,以甲醇–10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,MRM模式,定量离子为m/z 678.3/147.2。在优化条件下,线性范围为0.5~200μg/L,相关系数(r)为0.999 3,检出限为0.3μg/kg,回收率为88.3%~92.9%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于5%(n=6)。方法具有样品处理简单、灵敏度高、重现性好、分析时间短等优点,可以作为实验室常规测定婴幼儿奶粉中维生素B12的方法。     

IGCC中燃气轮机全工况网络特性

本文基于对ＩＧＣＣ系统的全面分析研究,归纳总结了导致燃气轮机工况变化的主要原因;应用双开口变量（整体空分系数（Ｘａｓ）和氮气回注系数（Ｘｇｎ））和折合系统效率的概念,建立了ＩＧＣＣ中燃气轮机全工况特性简化模型;并通过大量定量计算,得出不同Ｘａｓ和Ｘｇｎ组合条件下,ＩＧＣＣ中燃气轮机全工况网络特性,为确定系统变工况最佳调节规律提供全面信息。     

Multicomponent Synthesis of Imidazole-Linked Fully Conjugated 3D Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production

The semiconducting properties and applications of three dimensional (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are greatly hampered because of their long-ranged non-conjugated skeletons and relatively unstable linkages. Here, a robust imidazole-linked fully conjugated 3D covalent organic framework (BUCT-COF-7) is synthesized through the one-pot multicomponent Debus-Radziszewski reaction of the saddle-shaped aldehyde-substituted cyclooctatetrathiophene, pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone, and ammonium acetate. The semiconducting BUCT-COF-7, as a metal-free catalyst, shows excellent two electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in alkaline medium with high hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) selectivity of 83.4 %. When the BUCT-COF-7 as cathode catalyst is assembled into the electrolyzer, the devices showed high electrochemical production rate of H₂O₂ up to 326.9 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹. The accumulative amount of H₂O₂ could totally degrade the dye methylene blue via Fenton reaction for wastewater treatment. This is the first report about intrinsic 3D COFs for efficient electrochemical synthesis of H₂O₂, revealing the promising applications of fully conjugated 3D COFs in the environment-related field.     

Designing Thiophene-Enriched Fully Conjugated 3D Covalent Organic Framework as Metal-Free Oxygen Reduction Catalyst for Hydrogen Fuel Cells

The application of three-dimensional (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in renewable energy fields is greatly limited due to their non-conjugated skeletons. Here, we design and successfully synthesize a thiophene-enriched fully conjugated 3D COF (BUCT-COF-11) through an all-thiophene-linked saddle-shaped building block (COThTh-CHO). The BUCT-COF-11 exhibits excellent semiconducting property with intrinsic metal-free oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. Using the COF as cathode catalyst, the assembled anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) exhibited a high peak power density up to 493 mW cm⁻². DFT calculations reveal that thiophene introduction in the COF not only improves the conductivity but also optimizes the electronic structure of the sample, which therefore boosts the ORR performance. This is the first report on the application of COFs as metal-free catalysts in fuel cells, demonstrating the great potential of fully conjugated 3D COFs as promising semiconductors in energy fields.     

气相色谱-质谱方法快速测定馏分油累积收率和性质

采用GC/MS与偏最小二乘法结合的方法测定了汽油馏分、柴油馏分、润滑油馏分、VGO馏分及渣油馏分的累积收率以及汽油馏分、柴油馏分的相对密度,建立了采用MS数据预测这5种馏分油累积收率和汽油馏分、柴油馏分相对密度的PLS校正模型。验证集结果表明：GC／MS方法与标准方法测定的结果之间无显著性差别。用GC／MS方法可以实现馏分油累积收率及性质的快速测定,与标准方法相比,大大缩短了分析时间。     

A novel anode attachment mode in argon-helium free-burning arcs at atmospheric pressure

An argon-helium free-burning arc that operates on a graphite anode is investigated. Images of the arc and anode attachment under different arc currents and different helium ratios are exhibited. Experimental results show that both the arc and anode attachment are characterized by demixing. Moreover, an annular dark region surrounding the anode center is observed in the anode attachment region under the conditions of a higher arc current and a higher helium ratio, which is similar to the self-organized anode attachment mode in glow discharges. Preliminary analysis indicates that the arc demixing, the thermophysical properties of the mixture gas, and the carbon vapors from anode evaporation contribute to the formation of this novel anode attachment mode.     

Optimization and comparison of ultrasound/microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of lycopene from tomatoes

The extracting technology including ultrasonic and microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of lycopene from tomato paste were optimized and compared. The results showed that the optimal conditions for UMAE were 98 W microwave power together with 40 KHz ultrasonic processing, the ratio of solvents to tomato paste was 10.6:1 (V/W) and the extracting time should be 367 s; as for UAE, the extracting temperature was 86.4 °C, the ratio of the solvents to tomato paste was 8.0:1 (V/W) and the extracting time should be 29.1 min, while the percentage of lycopene yield was 97.4% and 89.4% for UMAE and UAE, respectively. These results implied that UMAE was far more efficient extracting method than UAE.     

重油中含硫芳烃二维液相色谱分离平台开发及应用

基于氯化钯配位交换色谱柱和氨基键合正相色谱柱，利用自动阀切换系统，构建了在线二维液相色谱分离平台。通过优化液相色谱分离条件，实现减压蜡油样品中含硫芳烃的在线富集与多环芳烃的环数分离。利用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱对分离后的含硫芳烃和芳烃组分进行分子水平表征，得到更为详细的化合物类型与碳数分布信息。根据计算得到的平均结构信息，可以提供分离后组分典型的分子结构式，并对芳环结构和侧链位置进行了推测。建立的分析表征方法可以加深对重馏分油中含硫芳烃化合物的分子水平认识，为重油加工过程的原料选择与工艺条件优化提供技术支持。