Deposition of ZnO multilayer on LiNbO3 single crystals by DC-magnetron sputtering

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on LiNbO₃ (LN) single crystals with 200 nm thicknesses by three different ways, where coating of zinc (Zn) film was followed by thermal oxidation for four, two, and one steps with 50, 100, and 200 nm thicknesses repeatedly. Sample, which was produced at 4-step of deposition and oxidation of Zn layer, showed high transmittance and low structural defect due to a lower photoluminescence intensity and Urbach energy. Average grain size in X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images for multilayer of ZnO was lower than monolayer of ZnO thin films. Applying multilayer coating technique leads to decrease of surface roughness and scattering on light on surface and fabrication of LiNbO₃ waveguides with lower optical loss.     

A new multi-criteria scenario-based solution approach for stochastic forward/reverse supply chain network design

Analyzing current trends in supply chain management, lead to find unavoidable steps toward closing the loop of supply chain. In order to expect best performance of Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) network, an integrated approach in considering design and planning decision levels is necessary. Further, real markets usually contain uncertain parameters such as demands and prices of products. Therefore, the next important step is considering uncertain parameters.     

The Bochner-Schoenberg-Eberlein Property for L^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{+})

The classical Bochner-Schoenberg-Eberlein theorem characterizes the continuous functions on the dual group of a locally compact abelian group G which arise as Fourier-Stieltjes transforms of elements of the measure algebra M(G) of G. This has led to the study of the concept of a BSE-algebra as introduced by Takahasi and Hatori in 1990. In the present paper we establish affirmatively a question raised by Takahasi and Hatori that whether $L^{1}({\mathbb{R}}^{+})$ is a BSE-algebra.     

New LSER Model Based on Solvent Empirical Parameters for the Prediction and Description of the Solubility of Buckminsterfullerene in Various Solvents

Because of the importance of the solubility of buckminsterfullerene, C₆₀, as the most well-known carbon nanomaterial, a multiparameter linear model is proposed for C₆₀ solubility in different solvents using solvent empirical parameters. The obtained model covers more than 81 and 87 % of the variance in the training and test sets, respectively. On the other hand, because of the potential of solvent empirical parameters for probing different aspects of the solvent–solute interactions, some information about the solubility of C₆₀ in solution phase was obtained. The results showed that hydrogen bond donation ability, basicity scale and dispersion interactions were some of the effective parameters for correlating the solubility of C₆₀ in various solvents.     

Application of SiO2-Pr-SO3H as an efficient catalyst in the Ritter reaction

Sulfonic-acid-functionalized silica was applied as an efficient heterogeneous acid catalyst in the Ritter reaction to prepare amides by reaction of various benzylic, allylic, and tertiary alcohols with various nitriles in good to excellent yields under solvent-free conditions. The simplicity of the reaction, recovery of catalyst without loss of reactivity, high yield of products, and short reaction time represent improvements over many existing methods.     

Synthesis of Some New Biologically Active Sulfur Compounds Containing Pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine Moiety

A novel series of the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines having biologically active sulfur moieties 3-20 were prepared via reaction of 4-mercapto-1-phenyl-1 H -pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine 3 with different reagents. Identification of the new compounds was established by elemental analyses, IR, 1 H-NMR, and mass spectral data. Some of the obtained compounds showed the interesting antimicrobial activity comparable to antibiotic chloramphenicol as standard antibacterial agent and Terbinafin as a standard antifungal agent.     

Ni‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction: The Direct Synthesis of Symmetrical Disulfanes from Aryl and Primary Alkyl Halides

A novel Ni‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction is introduced for the direct synthesis of diaryldisulfanes and dialkyldisulfanes from aryl halides and primary alkyl halides at normal atmospheric conditions, respectively. This one‐pot and domino protocol utilizes only 10 mol% of NiCl₂ as a catalyst and morpholin‐4‐ium morpholine‐4‐carbo‐dithioate as a new, stable, solid, and odorless sulfurating reagent in the presence of ethylene glycol as a cosolvent and bidentate ligand in dimethyl formamide (DMF) at 130°C with good to excellent yields and relatively short time reaction.