Einstein gravity emerging from quantum Weyl gravity

We advocate a conformal invariant world described by the sum of the Weyl, Dirac, and Yang-Mills action. Quantum fluctuations bring back Einstein gravity so that the long-distance phenomenology is as observed. Formulas for the induced Newton's constant and Eddington's constant are derived in quantized Weyl gravity. We show that the analogue of the trace anomaly for the Weyl action is structurally similar to that for the Yang-Mills action.     

Echo hadrons: Color confinement and fractionally charged states

We speculate that the gauge group of strong interaction is larger than SU(3). As a consequence, fractionally charged states can become liberated.     

In Vitro Investigations on the Effect of Dermal Fibroblasts on Keratinocyte Responses to Ultraviolet B Radiation

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation is closely linked to the development of skin cancers in humans. The ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation wavelength (280–320 nm), in particular, causes DNA damage in epidermal keratinocytes, which are linked to the generation of signature premalignant mutations. Interactions between dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes play a role in epidermal repair and regeneration after UVB‐induced damage. To investigate these processes, established two and three‐dimensional culture models were utilized to study the impact of fibroblast–keratinocyte crosstalk during the acute UVB response. Using a coculture system it was observed that fibroblasts enhanced keratinocyte survival and the repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) after UVB radiation exposure. These findings were also mirrored in irradiated human skin coculture models employed in this study. Fibroblast coculture was shown to play a role in the expression and activation of members of the apoptotic cascade, including caspase‐3 and Bad. Interestingly, the expression and phosphorylation of p53, a key player in the regulation of keratinocyte cell fate postirradiation, was also shown to be influenced by fibroblast‐produced factors. This study highlights the importance of synergistic interactions between fibroblasts and keratinocytes in maintaining a functional epidermis while promoting repair and regeneration following UVB radiation‐induced damage.     

Electronic structure of superconducting KC8 and nonsuperconducting LiC6 graphite intercalation compounds: evidence for a graphene-sheet-driven superconducting state

We have performed photoemission studies of the electronic structure in LiC(6) and KC(8), a nonsuperconducting and a superconducting graphite intercalation compound, respectively. We have found that the charge transfer from the intercalant layers to graphene layers is larger in KC(8) than in LiC(6), opposite of what might be expected from their chemical composition. We have also measured the strength of the electron-phonon interaction on the graphene-derived Fermi surface to carbon derived phonons in both materials and found that it follows a universal trend where the coupling strength and superconductivity monotonically increase with the filling of graphene π(*) states. This correlation suggests that both graphene-derived electrons and graphene-derived phonons are crucial for superconductivity in graphite intercalation compounds.     

Kaluza-klein reduction of topological action

We study the dimensional reduction of topological terms in pure Kaluza-Klein theories in even dimensions. Consistency conditions are derived.     

RNA folding and large N matrix theory

We formulate the RNA folding problem as an N×N matrix field theory. This matrix formalism allows us to give a systematic classification of the terms in the partition function according to their topological character. The theory is set up in such a way that the limit N→∞ yields the so-called secondary structure (Hartree theory). Tertiary structure and pseudo-knots are obtained by calculating the 1/N² corrections to the partition function. We propose a generalization of the Hartree recursion relation to generate the tertiary structure.     

A Chemical Probe for the ATAD2 Bromodomain

ATAD2 is a cancer‐associated protein whose bromodomain has been described as among the least druggable of that target class. Starting from a potent lead, permeability and selectivity were improved through a dual approach: 1) using CF₂ as a sulfone bio‐isostere to exploit the unique properties of fluorine, and 2) using 1,3‐interactions to control the conformation of a piperidine ring. This resulted in the first reported low‐nanomolar, selective and cell permeable chemical probe for ATAD2.     

Correlated energy disposal and scattering dynamics of the Cl CD4(ν3 = 2) reaction

Molecular chlorine, methane and helium are co-expanded into the extraction region of a Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight spectrometer. After preparing the first overtone of the antisymmetric stretch (ν3 = 2) with direct IR excitation, the reaction is initiated by photolysing Cl2 with 355 nm light to produce mono-energetic Cl atoms with a translational energy of 0.18 eV. The CD3 and DCl products are state-selectively detected via resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) and analysed with the core-extraction technique. Unusual structure in the 3pz CD3 REMPI spectrum suggests the presence of a previously unobserved transition, which we assign to the stretch-bend combination ( [image omitted]) band. The product correlated energy disposal and the scattering distributions are compared with the same quantities for the Cl + CH4(ν3 = 2) reaction and found to be similar, although subtle differences are observed. The results for the Cl + CD4(ν3 = 2) reaction support a localized chemistry model in which the Cl atom interacts with a single C-D oscillator and leaves the CD3 methyl radical as a spectator.