A general method for the preparation of 4- and 6-azaindoles

Nitropyridines reacted with an excess of vinyl Grignard reagent to produce 4- or 6-azaindoles. Improved yields were obtained when a halogen atom was present at the position alpha to the nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring.     

Spectrofluorimetric determination of cysteine by 5-maleimidyl-2-(m-methylphenyl)benzoxazole

A new thiol weak-fluorescence probe, 5-maleimidyl-2-(m-methylphenyl)benzoxazole (MMPB), gives a highly fluorescence product in the presence of Cys. In this paper, MMPB has been developed for the fluorimetric determination of cysteine (Cys). At lambda(ex)/lambda(em) = 305.6/425.6 nm, the linear range is from 0 to 3.3 x 10(-7) mol l(-1) and the detection limit (sigma = 3) of 6.2 x 10(-10) mol l(-1). The main advantage of this method lies in the relative high selectivity compared with the methods using other N-substituted maleimide type of thiol reagents, in which 0.15-fold (molar ratio) of GSH is allowed and most of other amino acids at 100-fold (molar ratio) level had no obvious effect on the results. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of Cys in real samples.     

二碘化钐还原硫代碳酸酯

在ＳｍＩ＿２－ＨＭＰＡ－ＴＨＦ－ｔ－ＢｕＯＨ体系中，硫代碳酸酯的酰硫键发生还原断裂反应，得到相应的二硫醚产物。     

Continuation calculations of boron- (aluminum-, titanium-, and nickel-) doped La13 clusters

In this work, we have calculated boron-, aluminum-, titanium-, and nickel-doped La13 clusters by DMOL method based on the density-functional theory. Two doping modes are employed: surface and center doping. The boron, aluminum, and nickel atoms prefer to occupy the surface sites while the titanium atom prefers to occupy the center site. The doped La13 clusters with these four kinds of atoms have lower binding energy than pure La13 clusters. The icosahedral isomers are of lower binding energy than cubotahedral and decahedral isomers for La12B(-1), La12Al(-1), and La12Ni, while doping makes the cubotahedral La12Ti stable with a binding energy a little lower than icosahedral La12Ti. There are electronic shell effects in icosahedral La12B(-1) and La12Al(-1). The icosahedral La12B(-1) is promising to be formed during the doped process experimentally. Furthermore, we have also discussed the distorted structures of center doping by bond lengths, density of states, and charge transfers.     

Interfacial polymerisation of anilinium at Langmuir monolayers

Anilinium is strongly adsorbed at monolayers of the phospholipid L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidic acid (DMPA) and hexadecanesulfonic acid (HDSA) at the air-water interface, and undergoes chemical polymerisation under conditions where bulk polymerisation does not occur.     

Asymmetric Synthesis of (S)-5,5,5,5′,5′,5′,5′-Hexafluoroleucine

(S)-5,5,5,5′,5′,5′-Hexafluoroleucine ((S)- 13 ) of 81 % ee is prepared from hexafluoroacetone ( l ) and ethyl bromopyruvate (= ethyl 2-oxopropanoate) in 7 steps with an overall yield of 18% (Schemes 1 and 2). Key step in this sequence is the highly enantioselective reduction of the carbonyl group in α-keto ester 4 either by bakers' yeast (91 % ee) or by ‘catecholborane’ 6 utilizing an oxazaborolidine catalyst, yielding hydroxy ester (R)- 5 with 99% ee. The absolute configuration was determined by X-ray analysis of the HCl adduct (S,R)- 9b of (2S)-N-[(R)- l-phenylethyl]-5,5,5,5′,5′,5′-hexafluoroleucine ethyl ester.     

Immunosuppressive ent‐Kaurene Diterpenoids from Isodon serra

Three new enmein‐type ent‐kaurenoids, i.e., the two pairs 1 and 2 of 20‐epimers and the (20R)‐isomer 3 , besides the seven known diterpenoids 4 – 10 , were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon serra. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques and X‐ray diffraction. The immunosuppressive effect for T‐lymphocytes proliferation induced by Con A in BALB/c mouse was evaluated for the isolates 1 – 10 . They all displayed a remarkable inhibitory effect, with multi‐glycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii as positive reference substance (Table 3).     

Addition of grignard reagents to aryl acid chlorides: an efficient synthesis of aryl ketones

[chemical reaction: see text]. Direct addition of Grignard reagents to acid chlorides in the presence of bis[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl] ether proceeds selectively to provide aryl ketones in high yields. A possible tridentate interaction between Grignard reagents and bis[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl] ether moderates the reactivity of Grignard reagents, preventing the newly formed ketones from nucleophilic addition by Grignard reagents.     

Studies of sodium humate/polyacrylamide/clay hybrid hydrogels. I. Swelling and rheological properties of hydrogels

A type of novel hybrid hydrogels from sodium humate (SH), polyacrylamide (PAM), and hydrophilic Laponite clay were prepared using potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as the cross-linker. The structures of the hydrogels were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope and FTIR. Their swelling properties, swelling mechanism and rheological properties were also investigated. Experiments show that the composite is heterogeneous in the PAM/SH hydrogel system, while the clay collaborates with SH and improves the network structure of PAM/SH/clay hydrogel. High water-absorbing capability is shown for both hydrogel systems. Han plot proves that clay and SH are compatible with PAM for PAM/SH/clay hydrogels.     

Structure and stability of endohedral X@Si20H20 complexes (X = Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca)

The structure and stability of endohedral X@Si₂₀H₂₀ complexes (X = Li^0/+, Na^0/+, K^0/+, Be^0/2+, Mg^0/2+, Ca^0/2+) have been studied at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of density functional theory. It is found that complexes with X = Na^0/+, K^0/+, Mg and Ca^0/2+ are energy minimum structures with X at the cage center in I_h symmetry, while those with X = Li^0/+, Be^0/2+, Mg²⁺ have off-centered structures with X towards one pentagon face in C_5v symmetry. Large electron or charge transfer between the Si₂₀H₂₀ cage and the encapsulated X has been observed.