A Review on Effects of Lubricant Formulations on Tribological Performance and Boundary Lubrication Mechanisms of Non-Doped DLC/DLC Contacts

Tribological efficiency of industrial applications involving boundary lubrication regime can be improved to an appreciable extent by the deposition of hard coatings on interacting surfaces. Among such coatings, diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are considered to be one of the most suitable ones for the said role. DLC coatings possess a unique combination of physical, chemical, and material properties due to which they can help in minimizing friction-induced energy and material losses even under starved lubrication conditions. Since commercial lubricants are optimized for steel surfaces, therefore, a lot of experimental investigations were carried out to analyze the tribological compatibility of these lubricants with various DLC coatings. However, there is still a lack of understanding about how DLC coatings interact with conventional lubricant additives. Some researchers reported tribologically beneficial interactions between DLC coatings and formulated lubricants while others observed no such behavior. To address these inconsistencies, there is a need to rearrange the published data in a more apprehensible and organized manner with a special emphasis on the mechanisms responsible for a particular tribological behavior. In this way, it can be determined whether synergistic or antagonistic correlation exists between a particular DLC-lubricant combination and research on DLC coatings can be continued in a logical way. In this article, most widely investigated non-doped DLC coatings (ta-C, a-C:H, a-C, and ta-C:H) are tribologically analyzed. Average values of friction and wear coefficients are calculated for various DLC-lubricant combinations using already published data and compared to quantify the effectiveness of a particular lubricant additive in enhancing tribological characteristics of symmetrical non-doped DLC contacts. Moreover, tribological performance parameters of non-doped DLC coatings are compared with those of doped-DLC coatings to understand differences in their tribological behavior in combination with additives.     

Old Reagent,New Results: Aromatization of Hantzsch 1,4-Dihydropyridines with Supported Bismuth Nitrate under Microwave Irradiation in Solventless System

Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyriines were rapidly and efficiently oxidized using bismuth nitrate supported onto silica gel under microwave irradiation.     

Synthesis,physicochemical characterization and biological activity of nano complexes of iron(III) of 3(2'‐hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐(4′‐substituted phenyl) pyrazolines and aspartic acid

Mixed ligand complexes of Iron(III) with aspartic acid and 3(2′‐hydroxy phenyl)‐5‐(4′‐substituted phenyl) pyrazolines of type [Fe(C₄O₄NH₆)₂(C₁₅H₁₂N₂OX)] and [Fe(C₄O₄NH₆)(C₁₅H₁₂N₂OX)₂], where (C₄O₄NH₆) = aspartate, (C₁₅H₁₂N₂OX) = deprotonated 3(2′‐hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐(4′‐substituted phenyl) pyrazolines (X = H, CH₃, OCH₃, Cl), have been synthesized. These newly synthesized derivatives have been physicochemically characterized by elemental analysis (C, H, N, Cl and Fe), magnetic moment data, thermogravimetric analysis, molar conductance, cyclic voltammetry, spectral analysis (UV–visible, IR, far IR and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry). Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray powder diffraction studies have been carried out for powdered samples, which show nanometric particles of these derivatives. Antibacterial and antifungal potential of free pyrazoline and some iron(III) complexes have been evaluated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of pyrolysis temperatures on the textural,magnetic, morphology,and catalytic properties of supported nickel nanoparticles

The development of base metal catalysts for industrially important reactions continues to be an important goal of catalysis research. Herein, the effects of pyrolysis temperature on the textural, structural, surface, magnetics properties and catalytic properties of silica-supported nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) were thoroughly investigated. Mono-dispersed NiNPs encapsulated in graphitic shells were first successfully obtained and were characterized using a variety of methods such as BET surface area measurement, CO-pulse chemisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurement. The findings showed that all catalysts’ properties were considerably altered with change in pyrolysis temperature. Hydrogenation of diphenylacetylene was then selected as the model reaction for the evaluation of the catalytic performance of the graphitic-shelled NiNPs. After testing, pyrolysis of a nickel at 800 °C (catalyst A) displayed tremendous activity and selectivity to produce >94% of stilbene with selectivities of 99% for the Z-isomer.     

Merging and splitting in cooperative games: some (im)possibility results

Allocation rules for cooperative games can be manipulated by coalitions merging into single players, or, conversely, players splitting into a number of smaller units. This paper collects some (im)possibility results on merging- and splitting-proofness of (core) allocation rules for cooperative games with side-payments.