光学系统光阑应用的实例

介绍了一种光学组合系统，通过构造光学系统虚拟的视场光阑实现人眼屈光度测量，它是光学系统光阑应用的生动实例.     

High-Pressure Phase Transition in CTAB-Micellar Solutions： A Raman Spectroscopic Study

We use a diamond anvil cell for the first time to investigate the Raman spectra of an aqueous micellar solution of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） at pressures up to 3.85 GPa. The pressure-induced phase transition between the micellar and coagel phases is found to occur at 0.64 GPa and 60℃. This phase transition has a pressure hysteresis, and thus exhibits the first-order phase transition properties. Further experimental results show that although the structure of the coagel phase is similar to that of the CTAB crystal, the interchain distance is slightly larger in the coagel phase than that in the CTAB crystal.     

木材正辛醇液化产物的红外光谱分析

溶剂溶解技术是生物质液化的重要过程之一。为了在温和条件下从生物质中生产高质量的液体燃料,有必要开发新型液化溶剂。而对液化产物的分析则是评价溶剂液化效果的主要途径。在不锈钢高压釜中进行杨木粉在酸化正辛醇中的液化反应,对液化产物先后用丙酮,正己烷萃取,得到液化残渣、重质油和轻质油。通过对液化残渣、重质油和轻质油的红外光谱分析考察了木材中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的液化规律和转化机理。结果表明,木材液化油品是复杂的混合物,含有羟基、羰基、甲氧基、芳基和醚类化合物。纤维素/半纤维素比木质素更容易液化。纤维素/半纤维素主要转化为轻质油,而木质素液化产物主要是重质油。在150 ℃木质素液化降解生成小分子芳烃,继续升高液化温度导致小分子芳烃重聚合。     

流体动力式超声与槽式超声提取黄芩的比较

目的:比较两种超声发生器对化学反应的促进作用。方法:首先用碘释放测量法进行实验,分别用气哨式流体动力式超声发生器和槽式超声清洗仪处理碘化钾溶液,采用分光光度法测定碘化钾溶液的吸光度。随后分别用流体动力式超声与槽式超声提取黄芩,采用高效液相色谱法测定黄芩苷含量。结果:经流体动力式超声发生器和槽式超声清洗仪处理的碘化钾溶液的吸光度分别为0.990和0.498。以水为溶剂用流体动力式超声提取黄芩,黄芩苷含量显著高于槽式超声。结论:流体动力式发生器(每升能耗0.0156kwh)的空化效应高于槽式超声清洗仪(每升能耗0.0148kwh)。     

Entanglement Transfer from Two-Mode Squeezed Vacuum State Field to Two Spatially Separated Atoms in Two-Photon Processes

We investigate the influence of the Stark shift on the entanglement transfer from the two-mode squeezed vacuum state field to two spatially separated atoms in two-photon processes. Our results show that the Stark shift plays an important role in such entanglement transfer. We find that when the Stark shift parameter r is small, the degree of entanglement between the two atoms increases with the increasing of the squeezing parameter ξ first, and after achieving its maximal value, the degree of entanglement will decrease to zero with the increasing of ξ; while for big r, E will increase with the increasing of ξ.     

Entanglement reciprocation between two charge qubits and two-cavity field

We propose a simple scheme to generate two-mode entangled coherent state in two separated cavities and realize the entanglement reciprocation between the superconducting charge qubits and continuous-variable system. By measuring the state of charge qubits, we find that the entanglement of two charge qubits, which are initially prepared in the maximally entangled state, can be transferred to the two-cavity field, and at this time the two-cavity field is in the entangled coherent state. We also find that the entanglement can be retrieved back to the two charge qubits after measuring the state of the two-cavity field.      

ICP-AES测试玩具样品中铅的不确定度研究

电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱对低含量的样品测试的灵敏度不及氢化物发生法,但是根据铅元素的测量不确定度的评定,可以认为作为玩具合格与否的判定依据,采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱对玩具中铅元素的迁移进行测试是可行的。     

壳聚糖与甲基橙探针试剂的相互作用

以吸收光谱法研究了在pH=2.0.壳聚糖(CTS)与甲基橙(MO)的相互作用机理.结果表明,CTS与光谱探针MO主要是通过静电作用形成CTS-MO复合物,考察了MO/CTS摩尔比对反应体系的影响,实验测得CTS与MO的最大结合数NE为6.17×103,理论模型预测最大结合数Nc为6.13×103,实验值与理论值一致,验证了壳聚糖与光谱探针试剂相互作用的理论模型的合理性.     

Bell态原子与双模纠缠相干光场双光子相互作用的原子布居数演化特性

运用全量子理论研究了Bell态原子与双模纠缠相干光场双光子相互作用过程中的原子粒子布居差的时间演化规律.结果表明:原子初始处于|β11＞时,原子粒子布居差恒为零;原子初始处于其他三个Bell态时,随着初始光场平均光子数的增加,原子粒子数布居差时间演化曲线的振荡频率明显增大,振荡幅度明显减小;双模光场纠缠程度的大小对曲线的振荡频率及整体曲线的位置都没有影响.随着原子间偶极相互作用的增强,当原子初态处在|β01＞时,曲线的Rabi振荡频率明显增大;而两原子初始处于|β10＞或|β00＞态时,曲线的崩塌-回复现象逐渐消失.     

Bell态原子与双模纠缠相干光场双光子相互作用系统的量子纠缠

运用全量子理论和数值计算的方法,借助于原子的量子约化熵研究了初始处于Bell态|β00>和| β10>的两原子与双模纠缠相干光场双光子相互作用系统中两原子与双模光场之间纠缠的演化特性.分析了光场强度、光场纠缠度及原子间相互作用强度对原子熵演化特性的影响.结果表明:随着双模光场的平均光子数的增大,原子熵的时间演化曲线逐渐变为规则振荡;增大原子间的相互作用强度,原子熵的振荡频率和振幅都减小;改变双模光场的纠缠度,原子熵的振荡频率和振幅都不发生改变.