具有MFI骨架结构的介孔钛硅材料的合成、表征和催化性能

利用介孔碳作硬模板合成出具有MFI骨架结构的介孔钛硅材料. 该样品复制了类似SBA-15的介孔结构, 同时骨架含有MFI微孔结构. 透射电镜表征结果表明, 样品表面还有部分大孔结构. 催化结果证明了该样品既具有介孔材料较大孔道结构, 又保持了微孔钛硅材料的高活性.     

气相色谱法测定水产品中残留的呋喃丹

以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、南美白对虾(Penaens vannamei)为实验材料,建立了水产品中呋喃丹残留量的气相色谱测定方法。样品经乙腈提取,正己烷去脂肪,Al2O3柱净化后进样分析。本方法线性范围为0.1～10.0 mg/L,相关系数r ≥0.9995;当呋喃丹的加标水平在0.02～1.0 mg/kg时,其回收率为78%～90%,相对标准偏差为2.49%～9.59%;方法的检出限为0.02 mg/kg。     

还原态氧化石墨烯载Pd纳米催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化性能

采用改进的Hummers法氧化石墨后,对其超声剥离成氧化石墨烯水溶液,继之通过乙二醇还原Pd金属离子和氧化石墨烯,得到了还原态氧化石墨烯（RGO）负载Pd纳米催化剂,并用于甲酸的电催化氧化.透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射结果显示：负载于RGO上的Pd粒子平均粒径为3.8nm,其优先在RGO的褶皱和边缘处生长.电化学测试表明：RGO上残存的含氧基团降低了Pd催化剂受CO毒化的程度,Pd/RGO催化剂表现出了较商业化Pd/C更高的电催化活性和更好的稳定性.     

Diels-Alder Addition of Dicyclopentadiene with Cyclopentadiene in Polar Solvents

Diels-Alder addition of dicyclopentadiene and cyclopentadiene in polar solvents has been studied to produce tricyclopentadiene（TCPD） that is a potential high-density fuel precursor. GC and MS analysis shows that the adducts contain two isomers, namely exo- and endo-TCPD. Theoretical simulation shows that although the transition state of endo-TCPD has a lower activation energy, exo-TCPD is thermodynamically preferred. Polar solvents can accelerate the reaction rate and improve the exo/endo ratio of TCPD because the transition state of exo-TCPD has a higher polarity than that of endo-TCPD. The solvent effect follows the order of polarity： benzyl methanol〉cyclohexanone〉toluene. The conversion rises when the temperature ranges from 120 to 150 ℃, but the selectivity of TCPD slightly decreases. Increasing the pressure can improve the conversion but the exo/endo ratio of TCPD is unchanged. The apparent kinetics in different solvents was determined via nonlinear regression. The activation energies are 99.47, 101.15, and 107.32 kJ/mol for benzyl methanol, cyclohexanone, and toluene, respectively. The optimal reaction conditions are as follows： benzyl methanol as solvent, temperature 150 ℃, and pressure 900 kPa. After an 11-hour reaction, a conversion of 58.0%, a TCPD selectivity of 95.7%, and an exo/endo ratio of 1/5.3 has been obtained.     

玉米须中的一个新黄酮和两个尿素苷

玉米须是我国传统中药, 具有多种生物活性. 为了寻找玉米须中的生物活性成分, 对玉米须的化学成分进行了研究, 从中分离得到一个新黄酮1和两个尿素苷2和3. 应用多种波谱学方法(¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, ¹H-¹H COSY, ESI-MS等), 确定了3个化合物的化学结构. 化合物1为新化合物, 鉴定为6-乙酰基-木犀草素; 化合物2和3是两个新的天然产物, 分别鉴定为鼠李糖尿素苷和1,3-二鼠李糖尿素苷. 首次对两个新天然产物的氢谱和碳谱数据进行了全归属.     

Si(111)-7×7表面上C60多层膜的生长及其纳米摩擦学性质

在超高真空(UHV)条件下,用分子束外延(MBE)方法,通过对生长过程中蒸发速率和衬底温度等参数的控制,可以避免C60分子在Si(111)-7×7重构表面多层生长时团聚岛的形成,得到了逐层生长的C60多层膜.同时利用超高真空扫描隧道显微镜(UHV-STM)对这种多层膜结构进行了观察并对这种现象产生的机理做了分析,测定了不同层数C60薄膜的黏附力和摩擦力曲线,发现分子层数对薄膜的摩擦性质有显著影响,随着沉积层数的增加,样品的摩擦力明显降低,摩擦系数也有降低的趋势.由于分子层数的增加导致C60分子转动程度增强,本文得出结论,摩擦力的降低是由C60分子的转动引起的,C60分子在这里充当了“纳米滚动轴承”,即C60分子的转动为微观结构提供了能量耗散通道.     

便携式三聚氰胺快速检测仪的研制与应用

自主研发了便携式三聚氰胺速检仪,利用纳米增敏表面增强拉曼光谱法,定量检出限为0.5 mg/kg;采用相对测量方式可有效克服测量不稳定性.用于原奶、消毒奶、酸奶、奶粉中三聚氰胺检测,线性关系良好.样品前处理步骤简单.通常情况,平均单样检测时间小于2 min,仪器检测时间小于30 s,尤其适用于现场快速分析.除了可应用于乳...     

O,O ′-二(苯基)二硫代磷酸-N,N-二乙铵对Q235钢硫酸溶液中的缓蚀性能研究

合成了O,O′-二(苯基)二硫代磷酸-N,N-二乙铵(DEDDP),采用失重,电化学和SEM技术共同研究了DEDDP在H2SO4溶液中对Q235钢的缓蚀性能.失重法研究表明:DEDDP在H2SO4溶液中能有效地抑制Q235钢腐蚀,25C的5％H2sO4溶液中,DEDDP浓度为160 mg ·L-1时,其缓蚀率为94.6...     

化学气相反应法制备不同碳基体表面SiC涂层组织结构分析

采用化学气相反应法, 以同种工艺分别在石墨和C/C复合材料表面制备了SiC涂层, 借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析等手段分析了涂层的微观结构, 研究了不同碳基体对SiC涂层结构和表面形貌的影响, 并初步对比考察了涂层的高温抗氧化性能. 结果表明: 制备的SiC涂层整体致密, 与基体结合良好, 但存在明显的结构差异. 石墨表面制得的SiC涂层呈梯度分布, 涂层主要由致密外层及过渡内层组成, 而C/C复合材料表面制得的SiC涂层仅由致密外层组成; 在1823 K的空气氧化氛围中, 与C/C复合材料SiC涂层试样相比, 石墨SiC涂层试样表现出更好的高温抗氧化性能, 经30 h氧化及7次循环热震实验后, 涂层试样的氧化失重率仅为0.182%.     

TDDFT Study of the Electronic Structure,Absorption and Emission Spectra of the Light Emitters of the Amazing Firefly Bioluminescence and Solvation Effects on the Spectra

The ground and excited state properties of luciferin (LH₂) and oxyluciferin (OxyLH₂), the bioluminescent chemicals in the firefly, have been characterized using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent DFT (TDDFT) methods. The effects of solvation on the electronic absorption and emission spectra of luciferin and oxyluciferin were predicted with a self‐consistent isodensity polarized continuum model of the solvent using TDDFT. The S₀→S₁ vertical excitation energies in the gas phase and in water were obtained. Optimizations of the excited state geometries permitted the first predictions of the fluorescence spectra for these biologically important molecules. Shifts in both of the absorption and emission spectra on proceeding from the gas phase to aqueous solution were also predicted.