Influence of added water on pathways and efficiency of photocatalytic reactions in ethanol solutions of titanium tetrachloride

Electronic spectroscopy, ESR, and gas-liquid chromatography have been used in studying the action of light with =254 nm on ethanol-water solutions of titanium tetrachloride. It has been established that, in the course of irradiation, a photocatalytic process develops with the participation of coordination compounds of titanium(IV) and (III), resulting in oxidation and breakdown of the ethanol to form acetaldehyde, methane, ethane, ethyl chloride, and molecular hydrogen. In the presence of small amounts of added water (up to 0.5 M), the efficiency of CH₄ and C₂H₇ formation is much lower but the yield of H₂ is higher, in comparison with the yields of these products in absolute ethanol. With further increases in the water concentration, the rates of formation of methane, ethane, and acetaldehyde increase. The maximum quantum yields () are as follows: (CH₄)=1.8 · 10^–4 and (C₂H₆)=1 · 10^–3 in absolute ethanol; (CH₃CHO)= 1.6·10^–2 in ethanol with the addition of 6.0 M H₂O; (H₂)=6.7·10^–3 in solutions containing 0.5 M H₂O. The observed differences in the product yields are explained by a change in the composition and structure of the titanium compounds that act as the photocatalyst, a change that takes place when the water concentration is varied. A mechanism is proposed for these reactions.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimentai'naya Khimiya, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 51–58, January–February, 1986.     

羧甲基壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇/甘油环氧树脂蛇笼型复合螯合膜的制备及对金属离子的吸附性能

以交联甘油环氧树脂交联的聚乙烯醇(PVA)为笼树脂，羧甲基壳聚糖(CCTS)为蛇树脂制备了具有蛇笼结构的复合螯合膜，研究了其对Cu^2 、Ni^2 、Pb^2 、Fe^3 、Zn^2 ，Hg”^2 、Cd^2 等金属离子的吸附性能，研究表明，该树脂对Cu^2 、Ni^2 、Pb^2 有较好的吸附性能，其中PVA是对Cu^2 的吸附的主要贡献者，而CCTS则是在对Ni^2 的吸附中起主要作用。该树脂可以用于含Cu^2 废水的处理。     

Uniform Rice-like CdS Particles Prepared from Water-in-oil Microemulsions

IntroductionNano-sized semiconductors are of great interestdue to their special optical and electronic proper-ties[1,2].As one of the mostimportantⅡ—Ⅵsemicon-ductors,CdS has importantapplications in many fields,such as the solar cell field,non linear o…     

19F NMR study of the influence of the nature of outer-spheric cations on the dynamics of the anion sublattice in compounds MM′AF6

Dynamics of octahedral ions in crystal compounds MM′AF₆ (M, M′=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; A=Ge, Ti) has been studied in the temperature range 115–500 K. Types of inner motions of complex ions have been established, and their activation energies have been estimated. First-order transition has been found in compound LiRbTiF₆. Institute of Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated fromZhurmal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 697–702, July–August, 1995. Translated by L. Smolina     

Synthesis ofω-substituted 3-alkylorotic acids

3-(-Phthalimidoalkyl)-5-carbethoxymethylenehydantoins were synthesized by the reaction of-phthalimidoalkylureas with ethyl oxalacetate and then converted to 3-(-aminoalkyl)orotic acids. Condensation of the latter with 6-chloropurine yielded 3-[-(6-purinylamino)alkyljorotic acids.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 397–399, March, 1971.     

Direct nitration and acetylation of the furan nucleus of 1-alkyl-2-[Β -(2′-furyl) vinyl]-benzimidazoles

The direct nitration and acetylation of 1-methyl-, 1-ethyl-, and 1-benzyl-2-[-(2-furyl)vinyl]benzimidazoles has given the corresponding 1-alkyl- and 1-benzyl-2-[-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]benzimidazoles and 1-alkyl- and 1-benzyl-2-[-(5-acetyl-2-furyl)vinyl]benzimidazoles. The UV spectra of these compounds have been recorded and their ionization constants have been determined.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 832–834, June, 1970.     

Nanocomposites Produced by Direct Intercalation of Secondary Doped Polyaniline in V2O5

The possibility of the production of nanocomposites based on V₂O₅ and conducting polymers by direct intercalation of macromolecules of secondary doped polyaniline into the interlayer galleries of nanoparticles of aqueous V₂O₅ sol was demonstrated for the first time. The driving force of the intercalation process is substitution of the protons present in the galleries of the V₂O₅ by a polyaniline chain carrying a positive charge.     

B/E linked scanning spectra of the molecular and fragmentary ions of lycoctonine bases

The B/E linked scanning spectra of the M⁺, (M-15)⁺, and (M-OR₁)⁺ ions and those of some other series have been investigated. The characteristic nature of the individual intensities of the metastable peaks (the magnitudes A) with the same R₁ radicals for different groups of alkaloids has been shown for the spectra of the M⁺ and (M-15)⁺ ions. The reason for the quantitative differences of the B/E spectra of the (M-OH)⁺ ions from the spectra of the (M-OCH₃)⁺ and (M-OAc)⁺ ions, consisting in the influence of alternative methods of eliminating an OH radical, has been found. It has been confirmed that the values of A of analogous transitions calculated from the B/E and MD spectra are close to one another. On the other hand, the values of the energy of the metastable transitions obtained by these two methods differ from one another by two orders of magnitude.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Special Design Bureau of Analytical Instrument Construction, Scientific and Technical Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 72–84, January–February, 1991.     

On the tautomerism of 5-aminotetrazole

In order to study the connection between the structure of sulfanilamides and their antibacterial action, sulfanilamide derivatives of 1- and 2-methyl-5-aminotetrazoles and of 1,3-dimethyl-5-iminotetrazole have been synthesized. A study of their IR spectra has shown that 1-methyl-5-sulfanilimidotetrazole has the imide structure in the crystalline state and 2-methyl-5-sulfanilamidotetrazole the amide structure. The sulfanilamide derivatives of 1- and 2-methyl-5-aminotetrazoles possess a considerable antibacterial activity, while 1, 3-dimethyl-5-sulfanilimidotetrazole is inactive.