Bi-f-harmonic map equations on singly warped product manifolds

Bi-f-harmonic maps are the critical points of bi-f-energy functional. This class of maps tends to integrate bi-harmonic maps and f-harmonic maps. In this paper, we show that bi-f-harmonic maps are not only an extension of f-harmonic maps but also an extension of bi-harmonic maps, and that there should exist many examples of proper bi-f-harmonic maps.In order to find some concrete examples of proper bi-f-harmonic maps, we study the basic properties of bi-f-harmonic maps from two directions which are conformal maps between the same dimensional manifolds and some special maps from or into a warped product manifold.     

Binding of Ionic Pyrene Derivatives to Polyelectrolytes. A Uv Absorption and Fluorescence Study

Abstract

The binding of pyrenesulfonic acid and pyrenebutyric acid to poly(vinyl benzyl trimethylammonium) chloride was investigated by UV and fluorescence spectroscopy. It was found that the binding constant was 7.5 × 10⁴ and 3.5 × 10⁴M^?1, respectively. The addition of the polyelectrolyte quenches the fluorescence of the pyrene group, and at the same time the typical excimer emission appears. This emission originates in pre-formed ground state aggregates of the pyrene derivatives incorporated into the polyion domain. Similar effects were observed when anionic polyelectrolytes, poly(styrene sulfonic), and poly(vinyl sulfonic) acids were added to cationic pyrene derivatives. The binding constants depend on the length of the aliphatic sidechain of the derivatives.     

Modified surface chemistry of activated carbons

In this study, immersion calorimetry was used to characterise different samples of commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) which undergo oxidation with HNO₃ (GACOxN) and thermal treatments to modify its superficial group contents, as well as to determine the textural characteristics of the materials through nitrogen adsorption at 77 K and its superficial chemistry by Boehm titration and zero point of charge. Correlations between the immersion enthalpies and the results of the other techniques of characterisation were established. The immersion enthalpies in dichloromethane obtained were greater, which were found to be between ?88.36 and ?155.6 J g^?1, in contrast to those in carbon tetrachloride, which were found to be between ?50.21 and ?94.29 J g^?1. The dependence of the immersion enthalpies in water on the contents of total acidity and basicity surface groups was also established, and a good correlation between the accessible surface area determined by calorimetric technique and the BET area was found.     

Simultaneously Probing Two Ultrafast Condensed‐Phase Molecular Symmetry Breaking Events by Two‐Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy

In condensed phases, a highly symmetric gas‐phase molecule lowers its symmetry under perturbation of the solvent, which is vital to a variety of structural chemistry related processes. However, the dynamical aspects of solvent‐mediated symmetry‐breaking events remain largely unknown. Herein, direct evidence for two types of solvent‐mediated symmetry‐breaking events that coexist on the picosecond timescale in a highly symmetric anion, namely, hexacyanocobaltate, is presented: 1) an equilibrium symmetry‐breaking event in which a solvent‐bound species having lowered symmetry undergoes a population exchange reaction with the symmetry‐retaining species; 2) a dynamic symmetry‐breaking event that is composed of many dynamic population‐exchange reactions under fluctuating solvent interactions. Ultrafast two‐dimensional infrared spectroscopy is used to simultaneously observe and dynamically characterize these two events. This work opens a new window into molecular symmetry and structural dynamics under equilibrium and non‐equilibrium conditions.     

Surface Properties of Anatase TiO2 Nanowire Films Grown from a Fluoride‐Containing Solution

Controlling the surface chemistry of nucleating seeds during wet‐chemical synthesis allows for the preparation of morphologically well‐defined nanostructures. Synthesis conditions play a key role in the surface properties, which directly affect the functional properties of the material. Therefore, it is important to establish post‐synthesis treatments to facilitate the optimization of surface properties with respect to a specific application, without losing the morphological peculiarity of the nanostructure. We studied the surface properties of highly crystalline and porous anatase TiO₂ nanowire (NW) electrodes, grown by chemical‐bath deposition in fluoride‐containing solutions, using a combined electrochemical and spectroscopic approach. As‐deposited films showed low capacity for catechol adsorption and a poor photoelectrocatalytic activity for water oxidation. Mild thermal annealing at 200 °C resulted in a significant improvement of the electrode photoelectrocatalytic activity, whereas the bulk properties of the NWs (crystal structure, band‐gap energy) remained unchanged. Enhancement of the functional properties of the material is discussed on the basis of adsorption capacity and electronic properties. The temperature‐induced decrease of recombination centers, along with the concomitant increase of adsorption and reaction sites upon thermal annealing are called to be responsible for such improved performance.     

两个基于苯并咪唑席夫碱的镍(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、晶体结构和抑菌活性

在甲醇体系中,分别将苯并咪唑席夫碱HL¹和HL²与高氯酸镍进行配位反应得到2个结构类似的镍配合物[Ni（L¹）₂]·2H₂O（1）和[Ni（L²）₂]·2H₂O（2）（HL¹=N-（benzimidazol-2-ylethyl）-5-chlorosalicylideneimine,HL²=N-（Benzimidazol-2-ylethyl）-5-bromosalicyli-denei-mine）,并用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱和单晶X射线衍射对其结构进行了表征。结构分析表明：两个配合物均属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,Ni（Ⅱ）与来自2个席夫碱配体的4个氮原子和2个氧原子配位,形成八面体结构。配合物中的氢键将配合物1和配合物2分别连接成二维和三维网络结构。选取金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌作为菌种,研究了2个席夫碱配体和2个配合物的抑菌能力。     

(Pr0.9La0.1)2(Ni0.74Cu0.21Ga0.05)O4+δ-Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ复合阴极的制备及电化学性质

采用EDTA-柠檬酸盐法制备了（Pr_0.9La_0.1）₂（Ni_0.74Cu_0.21Ga_0.05）O_4+δ（PLNCG）,并与Ce_0.9Gd_0.1O_2-δ（CGO）形成复合阴极PLNCG-CGO。XRD和SEM分析结果表明PLNCG与CGO在1 000℃具有较好的化学相容性。电化学阻抗测试结果表明PLNCG-30% CGO复合阴极在700℃的极化电阻为0.092 Ω·cm²;过电位为39.3 mV时,电流密度达到113.3 mA·cm^-2。氧分压分析表明电极反应的速率控制步骤为电荷转移过程。阳极支撑单电池（Ni-CGO/CGO/PLNCG-30% CGO）在700℃的最大输出功率密度达到569 mW·cm^-2,开路电压（OCV）为0.76 V。综上结果预示PLNCG-30% CGO复合阴极是一种有发展前景的电极材料。     

MOF-808/Bi2MoO6复合材料的构筑及其光催化性能

采用简单的两步水热法制备出了锆基金属有机骨架和钼酸铋的复合材料MOF-808/Bi₂MoO₆。通过X射线粉末衍射、傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱、N₂吸附-脱附测试和电化学测试对所制备材料的组成、微观结构、光学性质以及光生载流子的复合效率进行了分析。与纯Bi₂MoO₆和MOF-808相比,0.5%-MOF-808/Bi₂MoO₆复合材料展示出了较高的光催化活性,在可见光照射120 min时对抗生素环丙沙星(CIP)的降解率达89.7%。通过自由基捕获实验,证明了·O₂^-是主要活性物种,基于此我们提出了可能的光催化降解机理。