Acrylonitr1le anion-radical detection by infrared internal reflection spectra

The application of internal reflection spectroscopy to the study of interface boundary layers has been extended over cases in which unstable particles appear at the interface as a result of imposing a negative electrical potential on the germanium hemicylinder, used simultaneously as an optical prism in the internal reflection spectroscopic device and as an electrode. The appearance of the particles is detected by their internal reflection spectrum. The method has been applied in the case of the electrochemically induced polymerization of acrylonitrile. Two particles were found to be generated during electrolysis. They are assigned to the anionradical and to the di-anion of acrylonitrile.     

The activation energy as guiding factor in the fragmentation of substituted diphenylmethanes

The mass spectra of a series of substituted diphenylmethanes were obtained. The mass spectral features were compared with those of the corresponding 1,2 diphenylethanes and discussed in terms of the factors which influence the electron-impact fragmentation. In the series examined, it is shown that the activation energy is the most important factor in determining cracking patterns. The meaning of the averaged rate constants is criticised.     

Hydrogenation of furfural with alkali-metal amalgams

The possibility of reducing furfural to furyl alcohol with potassium and sodium amalgams under the conditions of neutralizing the alkali formed with carbon dioxide has been investigated. The reduction of furfural can be directed to the predominant formation of furyl alcohol by regulating the rate of feed of furfural into the reaction vessel.     

Effectiveness of initiation in the reaction of cumene hydeopeeoxide with paramethoxyphenol

Conclusions It was shown by a study of the kinetics of the oxidation of cumene in the presence of the hyeroperoxide and p-methoxyphenol that in the reaction of the hydroperoxide with p-methoxyphenol, radicals are formed with an efficiency equal to 0.54 (120°).Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2191–2194, October, 1972.