三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯沉淀聚合高产率制备高交联单分散聚合物微球

以三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)-苯乙烯(St)为单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为自由基引发剂,通过在乙醇中的沉淀聚合可制得高交联单分散P(TMPTA-St)聚合物微球.对单体转化率,微球以及可溶性低聚物的产率进行了测试.结果表明,使用10 wt%至60 wt%的交联剂TMPTA进行聚合可获得单分散微球,产率在50%左右.增加TMPTA用量可提高微球产率和单体转化率.增加引发剂AIBN用量对提高微球产率也有促进作用,但同时可溶性低聚物产率也增加.向乙醇中加入水作为反应介质结合适当增加AIBN用量可使单体转化率达到98%,微球产率高于90%.对实验结果进行了解释,对聚合机理进行了讨论.     

结晶高分子非晶区的结构及其动力学行为研究进展

非晶结构对结晶高分子材料结构和最终使用性能有非常重要的影响,但目前对半晶高分子中非晶结构的认识还不太清晰并且有待进一步完善.随着研究手段的发展,结晶高分子中非晶区结构及其动力学行为的研究受到越来越多的关注.本文简要概述了目前对结晶高分子中非晶相的研究进展,主要从结晶高分子中非晶区的结构﹑结晶高分子中非晶区的松弛行为﹑非晶相对结晶高分子性能的影响以及等温结晶过程中非晶相的结构演化这四个方面进行介绍,并对它们的研究现状进行了概述,同时指出了目前在这方面研究中存在的争议和问题.     

反相悬浮聚合法制备球状卡波树脂的研究

以偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐(V50)作为引发剂,失水山梨醇硬脂酸酯(Span60)和聚二甲基硅氧烷PEG-7磷酸酯为复合分散剂,蔗糖烯丙基醚和三甲基丙基聚氧乙烯(15)醚三丙烯酸酯为复合交联剂,丙烯酸为单体,正已烷为反应介质,采用反相悬浮聚合方法制备了球状卡波树脂.用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分别对聚合反应的成粒过程和产物的形貌进行了研究.结果表明,聚合体系呈现典型的悬浮聚合相态特征,并获得了堆积密度较高(0.65 g/cm3)的球状卡波树脂.聚合反应动力学研究结果表明,该反相悬浮聚合的聚合速率对单体浓度和引发剂浓度的反应级数分别约为1.36和0.70;聚合反应的表观活化能为78.0 kJ/mol.交联剂对卡波树脂的性能有重要的影响,通过适度交联可提高产物的增稠效率及其抗剪切性能.     

从Hansen三维溶度参数探讨TMPTA-St在乙醇-水混合溶剂中沉淀聚合形成单分散聚合物微球的边界条件

以三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)作交联剂,苯乙烯(St)作共聚单体,在不同TMPTA/St质量比下在乙醇与水的混合溶剂中进行沉淀聚合,对单体转化率和微球收率以及微球单分散性等参数进行了表征.对相应不同水含量的混合溶剂以及混合单体的Hansen三维溶度参数进行了计算,尝试对不同聚合条件下混合溶剂与混合单体的三维溶度参数进行比较以建立一个形成单分散微球的边界条件,为通过沉淀聚合制备单分散微球提供一个判断方法.在本文实验条件下,使用乙醇或其与水的混合物为聚合介质,当共混溶剂与共混单体的极性溶度参数之差Δδp和氢键溶度参数之差Δδh分别为5.0和12.4,9.2和20.1以及6.0和10.0 MPa1/2时,在由这3个实验点组成的区域之内进行沉淀聚合即可以制得单分散聚合物微球.当Hansen溶度参数之差(Δδp或Δδh)超出此范围时,沉淀聚合所制得聚合物微球分散度迅速变宽,甚至在聚合过程中凝胶化.色散溶度参数变化甚微,难以由此建立单分散微球的形成条件.     

Korn inequality on irregular domains

In this paper, we study the weighted Korn inequality on some irregular domains, e.g., s-John domains and domains satisfying quasihyperbolic boundary conditions. Examples regarding sharpness of the Korn inequality on these domains are presented. Moreover, we show that Korn inequalities imply certain Poincaré inequality.     

Synchronization of multiple bursting neurons ring coupled via impulsive variables

Synchronization behavior of bursting neurons is investigated in a neuronal network ring impulsively coupled, in which each neuron exhibits chaotic bursting behavior. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory and impulsive control theory, sufficient conditions for synchronization of the multiple systems coupled with impulsive variables can be obtained. The neurons become synchronous via suitable impulsive strength and resetting period. Furthermore, the result is obtained that synchronization among neurons is weakened with the increasing of the reset period and the number of neurons. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results.© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 29–37, 2015     

The long‐term extreme price risk measure of portfolio in inventory financing: An application to dynamic impawn rate interval

Different from the short‐term risk measure for traditional financial assets (stocks, bonds, etc.), the key to illiquid inventory portfolio traded in the over‐the‐counter markets is to estimate the long‐term extreme price risk with time varying volatility. In this article, a new long‐term extreme price risk (value at risk and conditional value at risk) measure method for inventory portfolio and an application to dynamic impawn rate interval are proposed. To realize this, we first establish AutoRegressive Moving Average‐Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity‐Extreme Value Theory model and multivariatet‐Copula to depict the autocorrelation, fat tails, and volatility clustering of returns of inventories and the nonlinear dependence structure of inventories. Furthermore, we obtain the long‐term extreme price risk with time varying volatility via Monte Carlo simulation instead of square‐root‐of time rule. The results show that, first, benefits from risk diversification is significant; second, long‐term extreme price risk measure of inventory portfolio via Monte Carlo method outperforms the square‐root‐of time rule; the last is that the dynamic rate interval based on the long‐term price risk is superior to the crude rules of thumb in terms of reducing efficiency loss and improving risk coverage. In summary, this article provides a new quantitative framework for managing the risk of portfolio in inventory financing practice for banks constrained by risk limitation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 20: 17–34, 2015     

Efficient approach to allylated quinolines via palladium-catalyzed cyclization–allylation of 1-azido-2-(2-propynyl) benzenes with allyl methyl carbonate

The palladium-catalyzed cyclization–allylation reaction of ortho-azido propynylbenzenes 1 and allyl methyl carbonate 2d gives the corresponding allylated quinolines in moderate to good yields. The reaction of 1-azido-2-(2-propynyl)benzene 1a proceeds smoothly with 10 mol % Pd(PPh₃)₄ and 5 equiv K₃PO₄ or NaOAc in DMF at 100 °C to afford 3,4-diallylquinoline 3a in 69% yield in the case of R² = H and 3-allylquinoline 4 in 67% yield in the case of R² ≠ H.