Hyperbolic conservation laws with nonlinear diffusion and nonlinear dispersion

We study scalar conservation laws with nonlinear diffusion and nonlinear dispersion terms (any ??1), the flux function f(u) being mth order growth at infinity. It is shown that if ε, δ=δ(ε) tend to 0, then the sequence {uε} of the smooth solutions converges to the unique entropy solution u∈L^∞(0,T_∗;Lq(R)) to the conservation law ut+fx(u)=0 in . The proof relies on the methods of compensated compactness, Young measures and entropy measure-valued solutions. Some new a priori estimates are carried out. In particular, our result includes the convergence result by Schonbek when b(λ)=λ, ?=1 and LeFloch and Natalini when ?=1.     

Microstructure of Milled Mesophase Pitch-Based Carbon Fibers as an Anode Material for Li-ion Batteries

Abstract

The microstructure of milled mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers (mMPCFs) that have been developed as an anode material for Li ion batteries have been studied as a function of heat treatment temperature (HTT), by SEM, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. And the results obtained are compared with those by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM observations, for the characterization of specific structural features of mMPCFs as a promising anode material.     

Quantitative analysis of ethanol–methanol–water ternary solutions using Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy was used for rapid in-situ measurement of alcohols in ethanol-methanol-water ternary systems. Mass fractions of the individual components were determined using calibration curves for binary systems of ethanol-water, methanol-water, and ethanol-methanol. Calibration curves were constructed by calculating the ratio of the Raman peak intensity of a component and that of an external standard (acetonitrile). Assuming additivity of the spectra, simultaneous equations were written, and mass fractions of ethanol, methanol, and water in the ternary solutions were determined by solving the system of equations through calculating an inverse matrix. The relative errors between the mass fractions obtained from the Raman spectra and those obtained from mass measurements were <0.6%.     

Local structural analysis of In-doped Bi2Se3 topological insulator using X-ray fluorescence holography

We performed X-ray fluorescence holography measurements on an In-doped Bi₂Se₃ topological insulator and obtained an in-plane atomic image in the vicinity of In. We found that atomic images at the positions of the first nearest neighbors (NNs) are very weak whereas those at the positions of the second and the third NNs are relatively strong. On the basis of the fact that In is half of the atomic number of Bi, we attributed the origin of this feature to the clustering of the In atoms in the Bi plane. We calculated the intensity of the atomic images and confirmed that the formation of In cluster results in a decrease by 30% in the first NN atomic image intensity. However, the decrease in the magnitude is not enough to explain the experimental results, suggesting another contribution such as the lattice distortions. The effect of the lattice distortion on the atomic image intensity is discussed on the basis of the simulation including the positional fluctuation of In atoms.     

Neutron activation analysis of carbonate reference materials: coral (JCp-1) and giant clam (JCt-1)

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Two kinds of carbonate reference materials, coral (JCp-1) and giant clam (JCt-1), were subjected to neutron activation analysis (NAA) using the...     

Formation of an Azaruthenacyclopentadiene Skeleton via Ammonia Activation by an Electron-Deficient Ru3 Cluster

A dicationic triruthenium complex containing a μ₃-η³-C₃ ring, [(Cp*Ru)₃(μ₃-η³-C₃MeH₂−)(μ₃-CH)(μ-H)]²⁺ ( 1 a , Cp*=η⁵-C₅Me₅), reacted with ammonia to yield a μ-amido complex, [(Cp*Ru)₃(μ₃-η³-CHCMeCH) (μ₃-CH)(μ-NH₂)]²⁺ ( 5 ), via N−H bond scission. Subsequent treatment with base resulted in C−N bond formation to yield a μ₃-η²:η²-1-azabutadien-4-yl complex, [(Cp*Ru)₃(μ₃-CH)(μ₃-η²:η²-NH=CH−CMe=CH−)]⁺ ( 6 a ). The azaruthenacyclopentadiene skeleton was alternatively synthesized by the photolysis of mono-cationic complex [(Cp*Ru)₃(μ₃-η³-C₃RH₂−)(μ₃-CH)]⁺ ( 2 a ; R=Me, 2 b ; R=H) in the presence of ammonia. The C₃ ring skeleton was broken via the electron transfer to the π*(C−C) orbital in the C₃ ring, and a transiently generated unsaturated μ₃-allylic species can take up ammonia, resulting in N−H bond scission followed by C−N bond formation.