Mössbauer spectrometica analysis of thermal decomposition products of phosphate and oxalate coatings on steel

The deterioration of zinc, zinc—calcium and manganese phosphate coatings and oxalate coatings on steel on heating was investigated by conversion electron Mössbauer spectrometry. and the chemical change of the coatings was analysed on the basis of the thermal characteristics of Zn₃(PO₄)₂·4H₂O, Zn₂Fe(PO₄)₄·4H₂O, CaZn₂(PO₄)₂·2H₂O, Fe₃(PO₄)₂·8H₂O. (Mn, Fe)₅H₂(PO₄)₄·4H₂O and FeC₂O₄·2H₂O. The steel substrate beneath the coatings influenced the thermal decomposition and evaporation of coating materials under the various heating atmospheres. The heat resistance of these coatings and the state of the substrate were also investigated.     

Preparation of Sr2CeO4:Eu3+,Dy3+ white luminescence phosphor particles and thin films by using an emulsion liquid membrane system

Sr(2)CeO(4) and Sr(2)CeO(4):Eu(3+),Dy(3+) phosphor particles and thin films were prepared by using an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM, water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion) system, containing VA-10 (2-methyl-2-ethylheptanoic acid) as extractant (cation carrier). A two-step extraction enabled efficient extraction for Sr(3+) and rare earth ions, and the resulting precursor metal oxalate particles produced in the internal water phase of the ELM system were about 60 nm in diameter. Calcination of the oxalate particles in air gave submicrometer-sized Sr(2)CeO(4) and Sr(2)CeO(4):Eu(3+),Dy(3+) particles, which showed blue and white luminescence, respectively, by UV excitation. Blue and white luminescence phosphor thin films were also prepared by soaking alumina substrates into the W/O emulsion containing precursor oxalate particles, followed by calcination in air.     

Ca0.8Y2.4Sn0.8O6, a quaternary oxide with mixed occupations of Ca/Y and Y/Sn

A new quaternary oxide, calcium yttrium stannate, Ca_0.8Y_2.4Sn_0.8O₆, is isostructural with Mg₃TeO₆ (trigonal, R). The empirical formula can be expressed as (Ca_0.2667Y_0.7333)₆(Y_0.4Sn_0.6)SnO₁₂. The Ca/Y site has a distorted coordination octa­hedron of O atoms, with Ca/Y—O distances ranging from 2.227 (3) to 2.350 (3) Å, while the octa­hedra of O atoms that coordinate to the Sn and Y/Sn sites are nearly regular, with an Sn—O distance of 2.066 (2) Å and a Y/Sn—O distance of 2.147 (3) Å.     

A mesoporous non-precious metal boride system: synthesis of mesoporous cobalt boride by strictly controlled chemical reduction

Generating high surface area mesoporous transition metal boride is interesting because the incorporation of boron atoms generates lattice distortions that lead to the formation of amorphous metal boride with unique properties in catalysis. Here we report the first synthesis of mesoporous cobalt boron amorphous alloy colloidal particles using a soft template-directed assembly approach. Dual reducing agents are used to precisely control the chemical reduction process of mesoporous cobalt boron nanospheres. The Earth-abundance of cobalt boride combined with the high surface area and mesoporous nanoarchitecture enables solar-energy efficient photothermal conversion of CO₂ into CO compared to non-porous cobalt boron alloys and commercial cobalt catalysts.

Generating high surface area mesoporous transition metal boride is challenging but interesting because incorporation of boron atoms can generate lattice distortion to form amorphous metal boride which has unique properties in catalysis.     

Key aspects of crystalline Mo-V-O-based catalysts active in the selective oxidation of propane

Mo-V-O-based complex metal oxide catalysts were synthesized hydrothermally for the first time, characterized structurally and tested in the selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid, and the results obtained were compared on the basis of catalyst crystal structures in order to clarify key aspects of alkane selective oxidation over multifunctional metal oxide catalysts. The catalysts tested were black solids of rod-shaped crystals, which had a layer structure in the direction of fiber axis and various high dimensional arrangements of metal octahedra in the cross-section plane. A strong dependency on the octahedra arrangements and a facet dependency were observed, and the roles of metal elements in the course of selective oxidation of propane were clarified by comparing the catalytic performance of various Mo-V-O-based catalysts. We discuss the multi-functional character derived from high dimensional structures of the catalysts and mechanism of the selective oxidation of propane.     

Smectic layer structure of ferroelectric liquid crystal formed between fine polymer fibres

This paper describes the alignment of ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) structures formed between aligned polymer fibres, where the FLC smectic layers are determined by polarising microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The FLC/polymer composite films were formed from a nematic phase FLC/monomer solution using a photopolymerisation-induced phase separation method. It was found that bending of the FLC smectic layers was induced in both the film plane and the cross-sectional plane at the phase transition from smectic A to chiral smectic C of the FLC material. The light transmittance properties of the composite film between crossed polarizers was analysed by light propagation simulation in several optical anisotropic media, based on the evaluated smectic layer model.     

Cooperative C-F...Si interaction in optically active helical polysilanes

Cooperative amplification of the C-F...Si weak interaction between side chains and the main chain was found to afford rigid rodlike helical polysilanes with a preferential screw sense.     

Synthesis of multisubstituted 1,3-butadienes using the ruthenium-catalysed double addition of trimethylsilyldiazomethane to alkynylboronates

The ruthenium-catalysed double addition of trimethylsilyldiazomethane to alkynes developed by Dixneuf and co-workers was applied to the synthesis of 2-alkyl- or 2-aryl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,3-butadienes by use of alkynylboronates instead of alkynes. Di- and tetrasubstituted 1,3-butadienes were prepared from a 2-boryl-1,4-disilyl-1,3-butadiene, using the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, iodolysis of the alkenylsilane moieties with N-iodosuccinimide and hydrolysis of the carbon-silicon bonds with trifluoroacetic acid. The same compound was converted also to a bicyclic compound, a trisubstituted 1,3-butadiene and a dienone through the Diels-Alder reaction, oxidation of the alkenylboronate moiety and the Mukaiyama aldol reaction.     

An unusual twist conformation of 2-O-methyl-1,3,4,5-tetrakis-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-myo-inositol

The ring conformation of 2-O-methyl-1,3,4,5-tetrakis-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-myo-inositol was in a twist form both in solid state and in solution. This is the first observation of a stable twist conformer induced by the introduction of bulky silyl protecting groups.