A Bäcklund transformation between two integrable discrete hungry systems

The discrete hungry Toda (dhToda) equation and the discrete hungry Lotka-Volterra (dhLV) system are known as integrable discrete hungry systems. In this Letter, through finding the LR transformations associated with the dhToda equation and the dhLV system, we present a Bäcklund transformation between these integrable systems.     

Novel highly active FSM-16 supported molybdenum catalyst for hydrotreatment

FSM-16 (Folded Sheet Silica) supported catalysts could accommodate 12 wt% Mo (18% MoO(3)) as a monolayer with higher dispersion than any other silica support; these catalysts showed outstanding HDS and HYD activities compared to gamma-Al(2)O(3), amorphous silica, and other mesoporous silica supported catalysts.     

A nonequilibrium temperature and fluctuation theorem for soft-mode turbulence

Non-thermal Brownian motion of a particle for soft-mode turbulence (SMT) in the electroconvection of a nematic liquid crystal has been experimentally investigated to clarify the statistical and thermodynamical aspects of SMT, using the Lagrangian picture in hydrodynamics. The effective temperature for SMT is obtained in two different ways based on the Einstein relation and the fluctuation theorem from the diffusion due to non-thermal particle fluctuations. The temperatures from the two methods agree well and exhibit a high value of 10⁶ K. They depend on the coarse-graining time, which reflects the anomalous properties of the macroscopic fluctuations for the SMT.     

Characterization of totally umbilic hypersurfaces in a space form by circles

In this paper we characterize totally umbilic hypersurfaces in a space form by a property of the extrinsic shape of circles on hypersurfaces. This characterization corresponds to characterizations of isoparametric hypersurfaces in a space form by properties of the extrinsic shape of geodesics due to Kimura-Maeda.The first author was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) No. 14540075, Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture. The second author was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) No. 14540080, Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture.     

Extraction of Waveguided Llight by Anisotropic Scattering Polarizer in Organic Electroluminescent Devices

We demonstrated that the anisotropic scattering polarizer (ASP) laminated to a glass substrate surface increased the optical efficiency of an organic electroluminescent (EL) device for liquid crystal display (LCD) backlight applications. ASP was prepared by drawing the liquid crystal polymer (LCP) dispersed poly(carbonate) film and extracted the emitting light trapped in the substrate of an organic EL device involved in polarization selectivity. Light extraction ability and polarization selectivity were changed by thickness of the electron transporting layer (ETL) of the organic EL device. Optical efficiency of a 60 nm thick ETL device through absorbing polarizer was not much improved by the lamination of ASP, whereas low efficiency of a 120 nm thick ETL device was greatly improved by this lamination due to extraction of the waveguided light as a substantially polarized emission. Although the degree of increase for the 120 nm thick ETL device was very large, the final optical efficiency was less than or only comparable to that of the thinner device. In 90 nm thick ETL device, however, the lamination of ASP increased the optical efficiency by a factor of 1.2–1.3 against a 60 nm thick ETL device. © 2004 The Optical Society of Japan     

Colloidal Quantum Dot Arrangement Assisted by Perylene Bisimide Self-Assembly

Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, so-called quantum dots (QDs), are attractive as molecular-like smart nanomaterials, and their emission and optoelectronic properties in the dispersed state have been actively studied. The construction of supramolecular structures composed of multiple QDs, however, is still challenging. Here, a new strategy to form supramolecular QD structures via self-assembly of perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes is demonstrated. In a mixed solution, QDs and PBI undergo time-dependent fusion to form an isolated colloidal QD-PBI complex or a unique QD-PBI co-aggregate composed of QDs arranged along a sheet-like PBI nanostructure, and these dramatically different supramolecular structures can be controlled by the solvent polarity.     

A Practical Criterion For Some Submanifolds To Be Totally Geodesic

Our main theorem is a characterization of a totally geodesic K?hler immersion of a complex n-dimensional K?hler manifold M _n into an arbitrary complex (n + p)-dimensional K?hler manifold [(M)\tilde]_n+p\tilde{M}_{n+p} by observing the extrinsic shape of K?hler Frenet curves on the submanifold M _n . Those curves are closely related to the complex structure of M _n .     

Ruled Real Hypersurfaces in a Nonflat Quaternionic Space Form

In this paper we construct many ruled real hypersurfaces in a nonflat quaternionic space form systematically, and in particular give an example of a homogeneous ruled real hypersurface in a quaternionic hyperbolic space. In the second half of this paper we characterize them by investigating the extrinsic shape of their geodesics. We also characterize curvature-adapted real hypersurfaces in nonflat quaternionic space forms from the same viewpoint.The first author was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (No. 14540075), Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture.The second author was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (No. 14540080), Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture.     

Characteristics of the plasma induced by the bombardment of N2 laser pulse at low pressures

Results are presented of a study on the characteristics of the plasma, namely, the spatial distribution of the emission intensity, the time behavior of the spatial displacement and the excitation temperature, under various conditions of the surrounding gas (pressure range between 0.02 and 6 torr in He, Ar, N₂ and CO₂). Most of the experimental results can be explained fairly well on the basis of a hypothetical model in which the shock wave plays an important role in forming the luminous plasma. It is found that argon would be most suitable as the surrounding gas when the plasma is used for practical spectrochemical analysis.