An experimental and numerical investigation of the dynamics of microconfined droplets in systems with one viscoelastic phase

The dynamics of single droplets in a bounded shear flow is experimentally and numerically investigated for blends that contain one viscoelastic component. Results are presented for systems with a viscosity ratio of 1.5 and a Deborah number for the viscoelastic phase of 1. The numerical algorithm is a volume-of-fluid method for tracking the placement of the two liquids. First, we demonstrate the validation of the code with an existing boundary integral method and with experimental data for confined systems containing Newtonian components. This is followed by numerical simulations and experimental data for the combined effect of geometrical confinement and component viscoelasticity on the droplet dynamics after startup of shear flow at a moderate capillary number. The viscoelastic liquids are Boger fluids, which are modeled with the Oldroyd-B constitutive model and the Giesekus model. Confinement substantially increases the viscoelastic stresses and the elongation rates in and around the droplet. We show that the latter can be dramatic for the use of the Oldroyd-B model in confined systems with viscoelastic components. A sensitivity analysis for the choice of the model parameters in the Giesekus constitutive equation is presented.     

Collinear fast atomic-beam laser spectroscopy at riken garis/igisol

We have constructed a fast atomic-beam collinear laser spectroscopy system connected to the on-line isotope separator facility GARIS/IGISOL at RIKEN. This system is potentially powerful in studying refractory elements. To test the system, an off-line collinear experiment was made on stable Hf isotopes produced by means of laser ablation technique. For production of radioactive Hf isotopes, the use of the inverse kinematics of a fusion reaction,⁹Be(¹⁶⁶Er,xn)^175-x Hf, was investigated. The radioactive isotope¹⁶⁹Hf was successfully extracted from GARIS/IGISOL and accelerated up to 30 keV.     

Magneto-optical single dot spectroscopy of GaSb/GaAs type II quantum dots

We have investigated magneto-optical properties of GaSb/GaAs self-assemble type II quantum dots by single dot spectroscopy in magnetic field. We have observed clear Zeeman splitting and diamagnetic shift of GaSb/GaAs quantum dots. The diamagnetic coefficient ranges from 5 to 30 μeV/T². The large coefficient and their large distribution are attributed to the size inhomogeneity and electron localization outside the dot. The g-factor of GaSb/GaAs quantum dots is slightly larger than that of similar type I InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots. In addition, we find almost linear relationship between the diamagnetic coefficient and the g-factor. The linear increase of g-factor with diamagnetic coefficient is due to an increase of spin-orbit interaction with dot size.     

Long-wavelength luminescence from GaSb quantum dots grown on GaAs substrates

Self-assembled GaSb quantum dots (QDs) with a photoluminescence wavelength longer than 1.3 μm were successfully grown by suppressing the replacement of As and Sb on the surface of the GaSb QDs. This result means that GaSb can thus join InAs or GaInAs as a suitable material for QD lasers for optical communications.     

Looking-glass synergistic pharmacological chaperones: DGJ and L-DGJ from the enantiomers of tagatose

The enantiomers of tagatose are converted to L-DGJ [a noncompetitive inhibitor of human lysosome α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A), K(i) 38.5 μM] and DGJ [a competitive inhibitor of α-Gal A, K(i) 15.1 nM] in 66% yield. L-DGJ and DGJ provide the first examples of pharmacological chaperones that (a) are enantiomeric iminosugars and (b) have synergistic activity with implications for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders and other protein deficiencies.     

General Heart Construction on a Triangulated Category (I): Unifying <Emphasis Type="Italic">t</Emphasis>-Structures and Cluster Tilting Subcategories

In the paper of Keller and Reiten, it was shown that the quotient of a triangulated category (with some conditions) by a cluster tilting subcategory becomes an abelian category. After that, Koenig and Zhu showed in detail, how the abelian structure is given on this quotient category, in a more abstract setting. On the other hand, as is well known since 1980s, the heart of any t-structure is abelian. We unify these two constructions by using the notion of a cotorsion pair. To any cotorsion pair in a triangulated category, we can naturally associate an abelian category, which gives back each of the above two abelian categories, when the cotorsion pair comes from a cluster tilting subcategory, or a t-structure, respectively.     

Tambarization of a Mackey functor and its application to the Witt–Burnside construction

For an arbitrary group G, a (semi-)Mackey functor is a pair of covariant and contravariant functors from the category of G-sets, and is regarded as a G-bivariant analog of a commutative (semi-)group. In this view, a G-bivariant analog of a (semi-)ring should be a (semi-)Tambara functor. A Tambara functor is firstly defined by Tambara, which he called a TNR-functor, when G is finite. As shown by Brun, a Tambara functor plays a natural role in the Witt–Burnside construction.It will be a natural question if there exist sufficiently many examples of Tambara functors, compared to the wide range of Mackey functors. In the first part of this article, we give a general construction of a Tambara functor from any Mackey functor, on an arbitrary group G. In fact, we construct a functor from the category of semi-Mackey functors to the category of Tambara functors. This functor gives a left adjoint to the forgetful functor, and can be regarded as a G-bivariant analog of the monoid-ring functor.In the latter part, when G is finite, we investigate relations with other Mackey-functorial constructions — crossed Burnside ring, Elliott?s ring of G-strings, Jacobson?s F-Burnside ring — all these lead to the study of the Witt–Burnside construction.     

Strain distribution and electronic states in stacked InAs/GaAs quantum dots with dot spacing 0–

We have calculated the strain distribution and electronic structures in stacked InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) with the dot spacing 6–. We used the elastic continuum theory for the strain distribution, and the 8-band k·p theory for the electronic structures. For the triply stacked QDs, the light-hole (LH) component of the hole ground state increases with decreasing the dot spacing. The LH component in the columnar QD (dot spacing ) reaches 21.1% which is 4.8 times larger than that in the single QD due to the reduction of the biaxial strain. Further increase of the LH component (up to 28.6%) is obtained in the fivefold-stacked columnar QD. This result suggests a possibility of increase in the TM-mode transition in the columnar QDs.