全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6317篇 |
免费 | 142篇 |
国内免费 | 44篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 4106篇 |
晶体学 | 50篇 |
力学 | 141篇 |
数学 | 633篇 |
物理学 | 1573篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 22篇 |
2022年 | 68篇 |
2021年 | 101篇 |
2020年 | 68篇 |
2019年 | 86篇 |
2018年 | 87篇 |
2017年 | 76篇 |
2016年 | 139篇 |
2015年 | 127篇 |
2014年 | 152篇 |
2013年 | 287篇 |
2012年 | 358篇 |
2011年 | 389篇 |
2010年 | 226篇 |
2009年 | 209篇 |
2008年 | 356篇 |
2007年 | 337篇 |
2006年 | 336篇 |
2005年 | 311篇 |
2004年 | 324篇 |
2003年 | 243篇 |
2002年 | 258篇 |
2001年 | 176篇 |
2000年 | 136篇 |
1999年 | 102篇 |
1998年 | 91篇 |
1997年 | 79篇 |
1996年 | 75篇 |
1995年 | 70篇 |
1994年 | 77篇 |
1993年 | 68篇 |
1992年 | 73篇 |
1991年 | 47篇 |
1990年 | 52篇 |
1989年 | 57篇 |
1988年 | 44篇 |
1987年 | 44篇 |
1986年 | 46篇 |
1985年 | 88篇 |
1984年 | 80篇 |
1983年 | 26篇 |
1982年 | 41篇 |
1981年 | 40篇 |
1980年 | 45篇 |
1979年 | 67篇 |
1978年 | 47篇 |
1977年 | 57篇 |
1976年 | 49篇 |
1975年 | 35篇 |
1974年 | 25篇 |
排序方式: 共有6503条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
52.
Applying the general-purpose finite-element package program (ISAP), a three-dimensional finite-element method (FEM) model of a human right middle ear, which included ossicles, was made and the mechanical properties and boundary conditions of the middle ear were determined by a comparison between the numerical results obtained from the FEM analysis and the measurement results of the fresh cadavers, normal subjects and patients, which were obtained by our developed sweep frequency middle ear analyzer (MEA). The "Elastic" boundary condition consisting of linear and torsional springs at the eardrum attachments to the annular ligament was more appropriate for the actual condition than "fully clamped" one. Rotational axis of the ossicular chain was assumed to be a fixed straight line from the anterior process of the malleus to the short process of the incus, and a load of the ossicular chain and cochlea was simplified to be expressed by the stiffness of the cochlea. Vibration patterns of the eardrum and ossicles at the first resonance frequency, obtained under these assumptions, were in agreement with the experimental results obtained by means of time-averaged holography and by using a video measuring system, except for the relatively large displacements at the tympanic ring. 相似文献
53.
Yuri F. Orlov 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》1982,21(1):37-53
A physical model is proposed for volitional decision making. It is postulated that consciousness reducesdoubt states of the brain into labels by a quantum-mechanical measurement act offree choice. Elementary doubt states illustrate analogical encodement of information having insufficient resolution from a classical viewpoint. Measures ofcertitude (inner conviction) and doubt are formulated. Adequate propositions for nonclassical statements, e.g., Hamlet's soliloquy, are constructed. A role is proposed for the superposition principle in imagination and creativity. Experimental predictions are offered for positive and negative interference of doubts. Necessary criteria are made explicit for doubting sense information.Wholeness of perception is illustrated using irreducible, unitary representations ofn-valued logics. The interpreted formalism includes nonclassical features of doubt, e.g., scalor representations for imprecise propositions and state changes due to self-reflection. The liar paradox is resolved. An internal origin is suggested for spinor dichotomies, e.g., true-false and good-bad, analogous to particle production.Translated by Valentin Turchin, with editorial assistance by Eddie Oshins; abstract supplied by Eddie Oshins. 相似文献
54.
Spectra of single tetra-tert-butylterrylene chromophore molecules embedded in an amorphous polyisobutylene matrix as microprobes were recorded. The individual temperature dependences of the spectral linewidths for the same single molecules (SMs) in a broad temperature interval (1.6 < T < 40 K) have been measured. This enabled us to separate the contributions of tunneling two-level systems and quasilocalized low-frequency vibrational modes (LFMs) to the observed linewidths. The analysis of the T dependences yields the values of LFM frequencies and SM-LFM coupling constants for the LFMs in the local environment of a given chromophore. Pronounced distributions of the observed parameters of LFMs were found. This result can be regarded as the first direct experimental proof of the localized nature of LFMs in glasses. 相似文献
55.
Yuri Hirayama Naohiko Anzai Hiroyuki Kinouchi Schuichi Koizumi 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(12)
A sub-lethal ischemic episode (preconditioning [PC]) protects neurons against a subsequent lethal ischemic injury. This phenomenon is known as ischemic tolerance. PC itself does not cause brain damage, but affects glial responses, especially astrocytes, and transforms them into an ischemia-resistant phenotype. P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) in astrocytes play essential roles in PC. Although P2X7Rs trigger inflammatory and toxic responses, PC-induced P2X7Rs in astrocytes function as a switch to protect the brain against ischemia. In this review, we focus on P2X7Rs and summarize recent developments on how astrocytes control P2X7Rs and what molecular mechanisms they use to induce ischemic tolerance. 相似文献
56.
Adachi I Aihara H Arinstein K Asner DM Aushev T Aziz T Bakich AM Barberio E Belous K Bhardwaj V Bhuyan B Bondar A Bračko M Brodzicka J Browder TE Chang P Chen A Chen P Cheon BG Chilikin K Chistov R Cho IS Cho K Choi Y Dalseno J Danilov M Drásal Z Drutskoy A Eidelman S Epifanov D Esen S Fast JE Feindt M Gaur V Gabyshev N Garmash A Goh YM Golob B Hara T Hayasaka K Hayashii H Hoshi Y Hou WS Hsiung YB Hyun HJ Iijima T Ishikawa A Iwabuchi M Iwasaki Y Jaegle I Julius T Kang JH Katayama N Kawasaki T 《Physical review letters》2012,108(3):032001
We report the first observations of the spin-singlet bottomonium states h(b)(1P) and h(b)(2P). The states are produced in the reaction e(+)e(-)→h(b)(nP)π(+)π(-) using a 121.4 fb(-1) data sample collected at energies near the Υ(5S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. We determine M[h(b)(1P)]=(9898.2(-1.0-1.1)(+1.1+1.0)) MeV/c(2) and M[h(b)(2P)]=(10,259.8±0.6(-1.0)(+1.4)) MeV/c(2), which correspond to P-wave hyperfine splittings ΔM(HF)=(+1.7±1.5) and (+0.5(-1.2)(+1.6)) MeV/c(2), respectively. The significances of the h(b)(1P) and h(b)(2P) are 5.5σ and 11.2σ, respectively. We find that the production of the h(b)(1P) and h(b)(2P) is not suppressed relative to the production of the Υ(1S), Υ(2S), and Υ(3S). 相似文献
57.
Keitaro Tanoi Natsuko I. Kobayashi Takayuki Saito Naoko Iwata Atsushi Hirose Yoshimi Ohmae Ren Iwata Hisashi Suzuki Tomoko M. Nakanishi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2013,296(2):749-751
The time course of Mg uptake and release using intact rice plants and 28Mg as a tracer is presented. Since there is no conventional Mg tracer available, 28Mg was produced via 27Al(α, 3p)28Mg reaction using a cyclotron. Using the purified 28Mg tracer, it was found that the uptake amount of 28Mg by the rice plants increased linearly during 30 min of application. After 28Mg treatment for 90 min, the roots were sequentially washed with iced solution for 120 min. Within about 10 min, almost all of the 28Mg, that was thought to be weakly bound to the apoplast, was washed away. 相似文献
58.
59.
60.