Porphyrin‐Based Symmetric Redox‐Flow Batteries towards Cold‐Climate Energy Storage

Electrochemical energy storage with redox‐flow batteries (RFBs) under subzero temperature is of great significance for the use of renewable energy in cold regions. However, RFBs are generally used above 10 °C. Herein we present non‐aqueous organic RFBs based on 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrin (H₂TPP) as a bipolar redox‐active material (anode: [H₂TPP]^2?/H₂TPP, cathode: H₂TPP/[H₂TPP]²⁺) and a Y‐zeolite–poly(vinylidene fluoride) (Y‐PVDF) ion‐selective membrane with high ionic conductivity as a separator. The constructed RFBs exhibit a high volumetric capacity of 8.72 Ah L^?1 with a high voltage of 2.83 V and excellent cycling stability (capacity retention exceeding 99.98 % per cycle) in the temperature range between 20 and ?40 °C. Our study highlights principles for the design of RFBs that operate at low temperatures, thus offering a promising approach to electrochemical energy storage under cold‐climate conditions.     

1,4‐Iron Migration for Expedient Allene Annulations through Iron‐Catalyzed C−H/N−H/C−O/C−H Functionalizations

C?H activation bears great potential for enabling sustainable molecular syntheses in a step‐ and atom‐economical manner, with major advances having been realized with precious 4d and 5d transition metals. In contrast, we employed earth abundant, nontoxic iron catalysts for versatile allene annulations through a unique C?H/N?H/C?O/C?H functionalization sequence. The powerful iron catalysis occurred under external‐oxidant‐free conditions even at room temperature, while detailed mechanistic studies revealed an unprecedented 1,4‐iron migration regime for facile C?H activations.     

结晶聚合物的辐射效应 Ⅰ.γ-辐照尼龙1010的聚集态结构

本文通过WAXD和DSC等方法研究了γ-辐照尼龙1010聚集态结构的变化,结晶损伤和无定形化的过程。这些过程和结晶与非晶界面原子参与化学反应密切相关,结晶损伤从结晶表面开始,随着辐照剂量增加逐渐向结晶内伸展,直到完全无定形化。     

A glassy carbon electrode modified with C-dots and silver nanoparticles for enzymatic electrochemiluminescent detection of glutamate enantiomers

This paper describes an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) based method for chiral recognition and detection of both glutamate (Glu) enantiomers. The luminophore luminol (Lum) was used as both the reductant and stabilizer of Ag nanoparticles (AgNP-Lum) which were combined with carbon quantum dots (C-dots) and placed on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) along with the enzyme glutamate oxidase (GluOx). The use of these materials is found to result in strong amplification of ECL. The nanomaterials used were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The stepwise fabrication of the electrode was verified by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under optimized conditions and by applying a typical potential of 0.6 V, the ECL increases linearly in the 5.0 μM to 5.0 mM Glu concentration range, with a 1.6 μM lower detection limit and satisfactory selectivity. A Glu logic gate idea has been designed that is based on this enzymatic biosensor.

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Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the electrochemiluminescent (ECL) biosensor. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with C-dots and silver nanoparticles which were deoxidized by luminol (AgNP-Lum) for enzymatic specific detection.

     

One-pot synthesis of tricyclo-1,4-benzoxazines via visible-light photoredox catalysis in continuous flow

A facile one-pot synthesis of tricyclo-1,4-benzoxazines has been developed via metal-free intramolecular cyclization of indole derivates. These reactions were efficiently achieved at ambient temperature by using visible-light photoredox catalysis in continuous flow. This directed intramolecular cyclization could be easily handled and scaled up in an open flask, enabling construction of a focused compound library for further pharmacological evaluation.     

Impact of Milling on Rice Constituents (Oryza Sativa L.): A Metabolomic Approach

Milling is an influential factor that affects the nutritional components in rice. However, the alteration of rice constituents by milling has not been thoroughly examined. In this study, rice with various degrees of milling was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis and partial least square-discriminant analysis were performed to characterize the nutritional components that have significant changes during milling. The concentrations of sugars and sugar alcohols decreased while the phospholipids increased in accordance with the milling degree. These results provide a contrast to the common idea that brown rice is nutritionally superior to white rice. In conclusion, the knowledge of nutritional alterations related to milling may benefit rice production and consumption.     

Variational iteration method for solving the mechanism of the Equatorial Eastern Pacific El Nino-Southern Oscillation

A class of coupled system for the E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） mechanism is studied. Using the method of variational iteration for perturbation theory, the asymptotic expansions of the solution for ENSO model are obtained and the asymptotic behaviour of solution for corresponding problem is considered.     

聚苯醚羧酸盐的聚集态结构

本文用热学、力学和散射方法研完了聚苯醚羧酸盐的链结构、羧化聚苯醚(C-PPO)在二氧六环溶液中用0.5 NaOH或CsOH的醇水溶液中和成钠型或铯型的C-PPO离聚体,用DSC测定一系列羧酸盐含量的C-PPO离聚体的玻璃化转变温度得到形成离子微区的临界阳离子浓度约为5mol％;动态力学谱中在高于玻璃化转变温度域出现的α松弛峰亦证明了微相结构的存在;SAXS结果表明其离子微区的尺寸约为30(?),其尺寸大小和离聚体中阳离子浓度无     

Structure and Properties of In-Situ Reactive Compatibilized Polypropylene/Poly (Butyl Methacrylate-Co-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) Blend Fibers

In this study, in-situ compatibilized polymer blends of polypropylene (PP) and poly (butyl methacrylate-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) P(BMA-co-HEMA) were prepared in a corotating twin screw extruder through the reactive extrusion of mixtures of PP, P(BMA-co-HEMA), butyl methacrylate, and benzoyl peroxide. In the process of reactive extrusion, butyl methacrylate and benzoyl peroxide were used as the monomer and the initiator, respectively. Thereafter the polymer blend was made into fibers via melt spinning. The miscibility of PP and P(BMA-co-HEMA) in the blend fibers was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The absorption percentage of the blend fibers for organic liquids and their remaining ratios after the absorption tests were also determined and used to prove the generation of the third phase. The changes in the fiber morphology during organic liquid absorption were observed using polarized light microscopy. In addition, the effect of the miscibility on the crystal structure and melting characteristic of the blend fibers were analyzed using wide-angle X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry. Finally, the thermal stability of the blend fibers that was associated with the miscibility of PP and P(BMA-co-HEMA) in the blend fibers were characterized by using thermogravimetry and dynamic thermomechanical analysis.     

气流混合对生长GaN∶Si膜性能影响的研究

用金属有机化学气相沉积技术在三种不同型号的反应管中生长了GaN∶Si膜。通过对样品的光电及结晶性能的分析 ,研究了气流混合时间不同对GaN∶Si膜性质的影响。结果表明 :合理的Ⅲ、Ⅴ族气流混合对提高GaN∶Si膜的光电及结晶性能很重要。Ⅲ、Ⅴ族气流混合太早 ,气流混合时间长 ,GaN∶Si膜的黄带与带边发射强度之比较大 ,X射线双晶衍射半高宽较宽 ;Ⅲ、Ⅴ族气流混合太晚 ,尽管可减少预反应 ,但气流混合不均匀 ,致使GaN∶Si膜的发光性能及结晶性能变差。使用Ⅲ、Ⅴ族气流混合适中的反应管B生长 ,获得了光电及结晶性能良好的GaN∶Si单晶膜。