1-Soliton solution and conservation laws for nonlinear wave equation in semiconductors

This paper obtains the 1-soliton solution of a nonlinear wave equation that arises in the study of semiconductors. The conserved quantities are also calculated from this equation. Furthermore, additional non-trivial conserved quantities are computed using the invariance and multiplier approach based on the well known result that the Euler-Lagrange operator annihilates the total divergence.     

Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Poly(Cyclohexyl Methacrylate) as a Sacrificial Thin Film

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing - In this study, thin films of poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) (PCHMA) were deposited on silicon wafer using PECVD technique, in which the plasma power is...     

Invariance Analysis and Variational Conservation Laws for the Wave Equation on Some Manifolds

In this paper we discuss symmetries of a nonlinear wave equation that arises as a consequence of some Riemannian metrics of signature −2. The objective of this study is to show how geometry can be responsible in giving rise to a nonlinear inhomogeneous wave equation rather than assuming nonlinearities in the wave equation from physical considerations. We find Lie point symmetries of the corresponding wave equations and give their solutions in two cases. Some interesting physical conclusions relating to conservation laws such as energy, linear and angular momenta are also determined.     

Effect of concentration and particle size on nonlinearity of Au nano-fluid prepared by γ (Co) radiation

Nonlinear properties of Au nano-fluid prepared by γ-radiation method at different concentrations were investigated. Measurements of nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficient were carried out using a single beam Z-scan technique. A green CW laser beam operated at 532 nm was used as excitation source. The Au nano-fluid shows a good third order nonlinear response. The sign of the nonlinear refractive index is found to be negative and the magnitude is in the order of 10⁻⁷ cm²/W. This nonlinear effect increases as the concentration increases from 3.119 × 10⁻⁴ to 2.354 × 10⁻³ M which correspond to particle sizes of 4.0-30.5 nm, respectively. A good linear relationship was obtained between nonlinear refractive index and concentration. However the relationship between nonlinear refractive index and particle size was nonlinear behavior.     

Dynamic magnetic properties of the kinetic cylindrical Ising nanotube

The nature (time variation) of response magnetizations m(wt) of the kinetic cylindrical Ising nanotube in the presence of a periodically varying external magnetic field h(wt) is studied by employing the effective-field theory (EFT) with correlations as well as the Glauber-type stochastic dynamics. We have determined the time variations of m(wt) and h(wt) for various temperatures, and investigated the dynamic magnetic hysteresis behavior. Temperature dependence of the dynamic magnetizations, hysteresis loop areas and correlations are investigated in order to characterize the nature (first- or second-order) of the dynamic transitions as well as to obtain the dynamic phase transition temperatures. We also present the dynamic phase diagrams in the three different planes and compare the results of the equilibrium and nonequilibrium states. The phase diagrams exhibit dynamic tricritical, isolated critical, multicritical and triple points. The results are in good agreement with some experimental and theoretical results.     

Full-trapped three-level ion in the lamb–dicke limit: analyzing and comparing quantum entanglement measures of two qudits

Our aim is to investigate the entanglement dynamics and quantum correlations of a full-trapped ion interacting with two time-independent laser beams in view of the Lamb–Dicke parameter. For this purpose, the three probability amplitudes in the trapped ion is taken as ?{1

Constrained regulation of continuous Petri nets

This paper deals with constrained regulation of continuous Petri nets under the so-called infinite servers semantics. Our aim is to design feedback gains that permit us to reach both desired stationary marking vector and desired asymptotic firing rate vector. The proposed approach takes into account constraints on the control, the marking of the Petri net, and the stability of the closed-loop system. The existence of a solution is first expressed geometrically, in terms of the inclusion of two polyhedral sets. They are reformulated algebraically as linear matrix inequalities, which provides an effective way to calculate feedback gains answering the problem. Finally, an application to an assembly production system is given.     

On the inheritance of the strongly π-extending property

In this article, we focus on modules with the property that every projection invariant submodule is essential in a fully invariant direct summand. In contrast to π-extending condition, it is shown that the former property is inherited by direct summands and Morita invariant. An application of our results yields that the endomorphism ring of a free module enjoys the property. Moreover, we characterize generalized triangular matrix rings with the aforementioned property and apply to somewhat special cases.