Magnetic resonance image reconstruction using trained geometric directions in 2D redundant wavelets domain and non-convex optimization

Reducing scanning time is significantly important for MRI. Compressed sensing has shown promising results by undersampling the k-space data to speed up imaging. Sparsity of an image plays an important role in compressed sensing MRI to reduce the image artifacts. Recently, the method of patch-based directional wavelets (PBDW) which trains geometric directions from undersampled data has been proposed. It has better performance in preserving image edges than conventional sparsifying transforms. However, obvious artifacts are presented in the smooth region when the data are highly undersampled. In addition, the original PBDW-based method does not hold obvious improvement for radial and fully 2D random sampling patterns. In this paper, the PBDW-based MRI reconstruction is improved from two aspects: 1) An efficient non-convex minimization algorithm is modified to enhance image quality; 2) PBDW are extended into shift-invariant discrete wavelet domain to enhance the ability of transform on sparsifying piecewise smooth image features. Numerical simulation results on vivo magnetic resonance images demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the original PBDW in terms of removing artifacts and preserving edges.     

The fine structure levels and spin-singlet contributions to zero-field-splitting parameters of Cr2+ ion in CdGa2S4

A theoretical investigation is reported of the fine structure levels and the spin-singlet contributions to zero-field-splitting (ZFS) parameters for Cr²⁺ ion in CdGa₂S₄ crystals. Firstly, the complete energy matrix including all spin states for a 3d ⁴ ion in tetrahedral D _2d symmetry is constructed according the double-group chain in the strong-field scheme. Then, by diagonalizing the complete energy of electron–electron interactions, the crystal field and the spin–orbit coupling for the Cr²⁺ (3d ⁴) ion in CdGa₂S₄ crystal, the fine structure levels and the spin-singlet contributions to ZFS parameters a, D and F are calculated. The results show that the spin-singlet contribution to D is negligible, but the contributions to a and F are very important. So, to obtain more accurate ZFS parameters for 3d ⁴ ions in the tetrahedral crystals, all spin states should be considered.     

驻波声场中单分散细颗粒的相互作用特性

利用外加声场促进悬浮在气相中的细颗粒发生相互作用,进而引起颗粒的碰撞和凝并,使得颗粒平均粒径增大、数目浓度降低,是控制细颗粒排放的重要技术途径.为探究驻波声场中单分散细颗粒的相互作用,建立包含曳力、重力、声尾流效应的颗粒相互作用模型,采用四阶经典龙格-库塔算法和二阶隐式亚当斯插值算法对模型进行求解.将数值模拟得到的颗粒声波夹带速度和相互作用过程与相应的解析解和实验结果进行对比,验证模型的准确性.进而研究颗粒初始条件和直径对相互作用特性的影响.结果表明,初始时刻颗粒中心连线越接近声波波动方向、颗粒位置越接近波腹点,颗粒间的声尾流效应就越强,颗粒发生碰撞所需要的时间就越短.研究还发现,颗粒直径对颗粒相互作用的影响取决于初始时刻颗粒中心连线偏离声波波动方向的程度.当偏离较小时,颗粒直径越大,颗粒发生碰撞所需要的时间越短;当偏离很大时,直径较小的颗粒能够发生碰撞,而直径较大的颗粒则无法发生碰撞.     

Design of diamond-shape photonic crystal fiber polarization filter based on surface plasma resonance effect

A novel plasmonic polarization filter based on the diamond-shape photonic crystal fiber(PCF) is proposed. The resonant coupling characteristics of the PCF polarization filter are investigated by the full-vector finite-element method. By optimizing the geometric parameters of the PCF, when the fiber length is 5 mm, the polarization filter has a bandwidth of 990 nm and an extinction ratio(ER) of lower than -20 dB. Moreover, a single wavelength polarization filter can also be achieved, along with an ER of -279.78 dB at wavelength 1.55 μm. It is believed that the proposed PCF polarization filter will be very useful in laser and optical communication systems.     

Electrical properties of Ca3-xSmxCo4O9+δceramics prepared under magnetic field

We fabricate Sm-doped Ca3Co4O9+δ(CCO)bulk materials in magnetic field during both processes of chemical synthesis and cold pressing.The structure and electrical performance of the samples are investigated.With the increasing Sm concentration,the electrical conductivity 1/ρ decreases and the Seebeck coefficientαincreases.As a result,the power factor(PF=α^2/ρ)is raised slightly.After applying magnetic field,the extent of texture,grain size and density of all the bulk materials are improved obviously,thereby an enhanced electrical conductivity can be gained.Additionally,the degeneracy of Co^4+ state in the CoO2 layer of CCO is also increased as the magnetic field is used in the preparing process,which results in an enhancedα.The Ca2.85Sm0.15Co4O9+δ prepared in magnetic field shows the largest power factor(0.20 mW·m^-1·K^-2 at 1073 K).     

基于能力培养的应用型本科物理实验教学模式探索

通过对传统大学物理实验教学现状的分析和讨论,针对目前大学物理实验课程的教学模式进行研究,在遵循实验教学自身规律的前提下,构建"模块化"实验课程教学模式,从而改善课程结构,为培养学生解决具体问题的实践能力和创新思维提供针对性的训练;并采用"启发式""问题式"的教学方法和多样化的考核评价标准,对于不同专业、不同基础、不同背景的学生进行差异化教学,建立以人才培养为核心的科学教学体系,进一步提高大学物理实验课程的教学质量和效果.     

Noninvasive Temperature Measurement in Dental Materials Using Nd3+, Yb3+ Doped Nanoparticles Emitting in the Near Infrared Region

In this work, the application of near infrared (NIR)-emitting NaYbF₄:1%Tm³⁺@NaLuF₄:30%Nd³⁺ core–shell nanoparticles is reported for noninvasive probing and monitoring the temperature during photopolymerization of dental materials. When excited at 808 nm, the synthesized nanoparticles emit NIR photoluminescence (PL) with two distinctive peaks at 865 and 980 nm which correspond to radiative transitions from the doped Nd³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ions, respectively. Luminescence intensity ratio between these two bands is found to vary with temperature due to temperature-dependent electronic excitation energy transfer between Nd³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ions at the core/shell interface. This finding allows luminescence ratiometric evaluation of the in situ temperature during photopolymerization of resin cement (doped with nanoparticles) in a veneer placement procedure. In addition, the NIR emission also enables PL imaging of the distribution of the adhesive under the veneer. The results highlight that rare-earth ions–doped nanoparticles with both excitation and emission in the NIR spectral range are advantageous for both PL-based nanothermometry and imaging due to the reduced attenuation of NIR light by dental ceramics.     

农药辛硫磷的密度泛函理论计算及拉曼光谱分析

辛硫磷(Phoxim)是一种高效、低毒、低残留有机磷杀虫剂,能抑制胆碱酯酶活性.辛硫磷的分子构型用Gauss View 5.0构造,理论计算采用密度泛函理论(density functional theory, DFT)的B3LYP/6-31+G(d, p)基组计算农药辛硫磷的拉曼光谱,实验上则采用分辨率为2 cm~(-1)的三级显微拉曼光谱检测仪对辛硫磷-甲醇溶液,辛硫磷乳油进行拉曼光谱检测.将理论拉曼光谱与实验拉曼光谱进行对比,其中有几个对应比较一致的拉曼光谱峰分别位于667, 745, 997, 1025, 1298, 1588 cm~(-1)处.首次报道了辛硫磷的拉曼光谱,同时对辛硫磷在600～1800 cm~(-1)区间的拉曼光谱进行了指认,指出了其在相应的频移位置产生较强拉曼光谱的分子振荡模式.     

3d过渡金属掺杂M_2@Si_(20)(M=Sc-Zn)团簇的密度泛函理论研究

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究3d过渡金属掺杂硅团簇的几何结构和稳定性,计算了绝热电子亲和能和垂直电离能,内嵌双金属间距,自旋磁矩等.结果表明内嵌的Sc、Ti、V、Mn金属二聚体和十二面体硅笼构成了稳定的富勒烯结构,随着d电子数目的增加其内嵌的富勒烯构型有部分畸变,总体而言Si_(20)团簇掺杂双金属后稳定性得到了提高.     

激光加热微管靶反激光方向二次谐波时空分辨结构

本文报道了高功率激光加热微管靶,从入射激光的反方向观察二次谐波的时空分辨结构,分析了激光与微管靶的相互耦合过程.在激光与等离子体细丝相互作用的理论基础上,解释了微管区域内反激光方向二次谐波辐射的特殊现象.