Directed and elliptic flow in 197Au+197Au at intermediate energies

Directed and elliptic flow for the ¹⁹⁷Au+¹⁹⁷Au system at incident energies between 40 and 150 MeV per nucleon has been measured using the INDRA 4π multi-detector. For semi-central collisions, the excitation function of elliptic flow shows a transition from in-plane to out-of-plane emission at around 100 MeV per nucleon. The directed flow changes sign at a bombarding energy between 50 and 60 MeV per nucleon and remains negative at lower energies. Molecular dynamics calculations (CHIMERA) indicate sensitivity of the global squeeze-out transition on the σ _NN and demonstrate the importance of angular momentum conservation in transport codes at low energies.     

Photoelectron spectroscopy study of Pb/Ag(1 1 1) in the submonolayer range

The vacuum deposition of Pb onto Ag(1 1 1) gives rise to two different surface structures depending on coverage and deposition temperature. At room temperature (RT), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) reveals a sharp reconstruction completed at 1/3 Pb monolayer (ML). Beyond, a close-packed Pb(1 1 1) incommensurate overlayer develops. At low temperature (LT, ∼100 K) the incommensurate structure is directly observed whatever the coverage, corresponding to the growth of close-packed two-dimensional Pb(1 1 1) islands. Synchrotron radiation Pb 5d core-level spectra clearly demonstrate that in each surface structure all Pb atoms have essentially a unique, but different, environment. This reflects the surface alloy formation between the two immiscible metals in the reconstruction and a clear signature of the de-alloying process at RT beyond 1/3 ML coverage.     

Unusual resistive switching induced by voltage in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films

The hysteretic and reversible resistive-switching effect was observed in La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ films at room temperature. The resistive switching was found to be most obvious in films fabricated at 30 Pa oxygen pressure, and more distinct in films fabricated on SrTiO₃ substrates than those fabricated on LaAlO₃ substrates. Moreover, La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ films fabricated at a certain oxygen pressure with indium electrodes showed double ‘8’ type current-voltage loops. Some of the results are explained by considering the influence of the interface effect, electrodes and oxygen vacancies, but the mechanism of the double ‘8’ type current-voltage loops remains an open question.     

石墨烯封装单层二硫化钼的热稳定性研究

将单层二硫化钼用石墨烯进行封装,构造了石墨烯和二硫化钼的范德瓦耳斯异质结构,并且分别在氩气（Ar）和氢气（H₂）氛围下,详细研究了被封装的二硫化钼的热稳定性.结果表明：在氩气氛围中,石墨烯封装的二硫化钼在400–1000℃下一直保持稳定,而石墨烯和氧化硅上裸露的二硫化钼在1000℃时几乎全部分解;在氢气氛围中,石墨烯封装的二硫化钼在400–1000℃下一直稳定存在,而石墨烯和氧化硅上裸露的二硫化钼在800℃下已经完全分解.综上可得,在氩气和氢气的氛围下,被石墨烯封装的二硫化钼的热稳定性得到了显著的提高.该研究通过用石墨烯将单层的二硫化钼进行封装以提高其热稳定性,在未来以单层二硫化钼作为基础材料的电子器件中,可以保证其在高温下能够正常工作.该研究也为提高其他二维材料的热稳定性提供了一种可行的方法和思路.     

Preface to the special issue of JOGO on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the Group for Research in Decision Analysis (GERAD).

Journal of Global Optimization -     

The effects of sapphire nitridation on GaN growth by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition

In situ optical reflectivity measurements are employed to monitor the GaN epilayer growth process above a low-temperature GaN buffer layer on a c-plane sapphire substrate by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition. It is found that the lateral growth of the GaN islands and their coalescence are promoted in the initial growth stage if optimized nitridation time and temperature are selected when the substrate is pre-exposed to ammonia. As confirmed by atomic force microscopy observations, the quality of the GaN epilayers is closely dependent on the surface morphology of the nitridated buffer layer, especially grain size and nucleation density.     

键合型铕-十一烯酸-硅橡胶复合材料的合成及其荧光性能

以铕-十一烯酸配合物和含氢硅油为原料,在铂催化剂作用下制备稀土有机硅加成产物。对产物进行红外光谱和核磁共振分析。结果表明,配合物键接在有机硅高分子主链上,加成产物为一种键合型的铕-十一烯酸-硅橡胶复合材料。荧光光谱分析确定复合材料的最佳激发波长为393 nm;最强发射波长为616 nm,为铕离子的特征发射。同时,随着铕离子浓度的增大,复合材料没有荧光猝灭现象。     

CeO_2负载多孔碱激发钢渣基催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

固体废弃物高附加值利用是资源可持续发展的重要途径之一,创新性的提出了以丙烯酸树脂乳液为孔形成剂,对碱激发钢渣基胶凝材料的孔结构进行调变,制备出新型多孔碱激发钢渣基胶凝材料,采用初湿浸渍法合成了一种新型的CeO_2负载的多孔钢渣基催化剂。利用XRF,XRD,BET,UV-Vis DRS等手段对光催化剂的组成、结构及光谱性能进行了表征,评价了其光催化分解水制氢活性。结果表明:孔形成剂的加入,改变了碱激发钢渣基胶凝材料的孑L结构,其介孔体积增加了70.27%,负载8 Wt%CeO_2的光催化剂介孔体积增加了144.14%。在模拟太阳光源辐照6 h后,负载8 Wt%CeO_2的光催化剂的最高产氢活性(7 653μmol·g~(-1))和产氢速率[1 275.5μmol·(g·h)~(-1)]归因于介孔体积增加了水分子的传质速率以及高分散的CeO_2活性组分与载体中FeO形成的耦合半导体促进了光生电子-空穴对的高效分离。     

GISAXS study of carbon nanotubes grown by CVD

We report a quantitative Grazing Incidence Small Angle X‐ray Scattering (GISAXS) study of a dense film of mutually oriented carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown by a catalytically‐activated DC HF CCVD process after dispersion of metallic catalytic (Co) islands on SiO₂/Si(100) substrates. The GISAXS pattern analysis is expanded to non‐correlated surface science systems and is based on CNTs density, characteristic lengths, atomic Co dispersion throughout the CNTs and roughnesses of uncorrelated particles. The results are closely compared to SEM and TEM observations. The GISAXS patterns, even dominated by envelope features of disordered objects, provide significant complementary quantitative data about CNTs films. The results underline that cobalt continuously fills the nanotube in the course of the growth and that the CNTs experience a large tendency toward mutual alignment. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

DMulti-MADS: mesh adaptive direct multisearch for bound-constrained blackbox multiobjective optimization

Computational Optimization and Applications - The context of this research is multiobjective optimization where conflicting objectives are present. In this work, these objectives are only available...