内嵌镧金属富勒烯的高产率合成及异构体比例调控

采用电弧放电法制备内嵌镧金属富勒烯的原灰,通过改变氦气压力及电流强度来提高内嵌镧金属富勒烯产率。原灰由1,2,4-三氯苯提取并回溶入甲苯后,利用分析型高相液相色谱（HPLC）对提取液中各富勒烯组分进行分析。通过分别衡量3种常见含镧金属富勒烯La@C_2v-C₈₂、La@C_s-C₈₂和La₂@C₈₀与C₈₄的相对峰面积比,探讨了氦气压力和电流强度等对3种金属富勒烯产率的影响。实验结果表明,氦气压力与电流强度共同决定了金属富勒烯的产率,在（1）低电流高氦气压、（2）中等电流中等氦气压、（3）高电流低氦气压的条件下都可以高产率地获得含镧金属富勒烯。此外,调整电流强度和氦气压力可以改变La@C_2v-C₈₂和La@C_s-C₈₂的相对比例。例如,在电流为100、120 A或氦气压为20、35 kPa时,此前认为的"minor"异构体La@C_s-C₈₂的含量甚至高于"major"异构体La@C_2v-C₈₂。我们还发现,降低电流强度或减小氦气压力可促进La₂@C₈₀的生成,这表明La₂@C₈₀与La@C₈₂的形成过程可能是不同的。     

Ion exchange chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the study of Pt electro-dissolution

There is an ongoing debate regarding the mechanism of Pt electrochemical dissolution. However, only off-line methods have so far been used, where separation of Pt species is performed separately from their detection. In this study, ion exchange chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used for the first time to separate and detect Pt species generated by the electro-dissolution of a Pt electrode in 0.5 M aqueous H₂SO₄ solution. Because these species are either neutral or cationic, they were converted to chloro-complexes using 0.1 M KCl to enable their separation by anion exchange chromatography. Chloro-aqua complexes were observed in addition to the two predominant species, namely PtCl₄²⁻ and PtCl₆²⁻. A good linear relationship was observed between the sum of peak areas for all complexes of a given Pt oxidation state and the Pt concentration, with a detection limit of 0.1 μg L⁻¹ being reached for Pt(II) and Pt(IV). Application of this speciation analysis method to real samples generated by potential cycling using cyclic voltammetry (CV) revealed that, in general, at least 80% of Pt was present as Pt(II), irrespectively of the cyclic potential range or of temperature (up to 60 °C). Still, quantitative spike recovery was achieved after adding known amounts of Pt(II) or Pt(IV) to a sample prepared by CV, which demonstrated that no significant species inter-conversion took place.     

Negishi偶联反应的研究进展

对有机锌试剂参与的Negishi偶联反应机理进行了简要概述,并详细综述了Negishi偶联反应的研究进展,主要介绍了Pd、Ni催化剂以及新型Fe、Co催化剂参与的Negishi偶联反应。展望了新型催化剂的发展趋势。     

硫辛酸类似物清除自由基活性的理论研究

为寻找高效抗氧化剂,本文采用量子化学方法,在万能抗氧化剂硫辛酸的结构基础上,设计、研究了16种不同碳链长度、不同成环原子类型、不同成环原子个数的硫辛酸类似物。以X-Y键的解离焓DBE和分子电离势IP为理论指标评价了这些化合物的抗氧化性。研究结果表明,成环原子数目、分子碳链长度、成环原子类型对BDE和IP产生不同程度的影响。其中,成环原子数目、分子碳链长度对抗氧化性影响较小,成环原子类型影响较大。硫辛酸的含硒类似物有可能成为新型的高效抗氧化剂。HOMO能级顺序与IP数值预测的抗氧化性的顺序一致,较好的阐明了结构对硫辛酸类物质抗氧化性的影响。计算结果为新型抗氧化剂的设计、合成提供了理论支撑。     

四种α-取代丙酸酯在环糊精气相色谱固定相上的手性拆分机理

计算了4种α-取代丙酸酯衍生物在β-环糊精衍生物气相色谱固定相上手性分离过程中的热力学参数,对手性拆分机理进行了探讨。实验结果显示随着温度的升高,样品的容量因子、手性选择因子和分离度都在逐渐降低。热力学参数表明,4种α-取代丙酸酯在固定相上的色谱保留及手性识别都为焓驱动过程,氢键力没有在手性识别中起到决定作用,而样品的母体结构和取代基团的性质则对手性识别有较大的影响。样品在固定相上的手性分离效率的驱动力主要来自于其对映异构体与固定相之间作用力的能量差异。     

磁性碳纳米管表面铅离子印迹聚合物的制备及应用

以乙烯基修饰的磁性碳纳米管为基质,Pb2+为模板,甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,制备出一种对Pb2+具有特异吸附能力的新型磁性印迹聚合物(MWNTs/MIIPs)。采用扫描电镜、红外光谱和振动样品磁强计等技术并对该印迹聚合物的形态、化学结构和性能进行表征。吸附实验结果表明,所制备的MWNTs/MIIPs对Pb2+具有良好的吸附和选择识别能力,最大吸附量为25.9 mg/g;选择吸附实验结果表明,Pb2+/Cu2+,Pb2+/Zn2+,Pb2+/Co2+,Pb2+/Mg2+,Pb2+/Cd2+以及Pb2+/Ni2+的选择因子分别是2.3,2.5,2.1,2.2,2.1和2.4。结合原子吸收光谱分析技术,此MWNTs/MIIPs成功应用于实际样品中微量Pb2+的分离富集,富集倍数可达40.5倍。     

Fluorinated Porous Poly(spirobifluorene) Via Direct C‒H Arylation: Characterization,Porosity, and Gas Uptake

Considering intrinsic properties of conjugated polyfluorenes and special functions of porous polymers, synthesis of fluorinated porous poly(spirobifluorene) via direct C?H arylation polycondensation is explored. Owing to the contorted structure and cross-linking nature, the obtained polymer FPSBF shows permanent porosities with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area up to 700 m² g^?1 and exhibits a narrow pore size distribution with the dominant pore size at about 0.63 nm, which is more suitable for adsorption of small gas molecules. Based on the measured gas physisorption isotherms with pressure up to 1.13 bar, the obtained polymer shows good uptaking capacities for hydrogen (1.30 wt% at 1.0 bar and 77 K) and methane (4.80 wt% 1.0 bar and 273 K). Moreover, FPSBF has significant adsorption selectivity for CH₄ against N₂ and the estimated ideal adsorption selectivity ratio is up to 30/1 at 1.0 bar and 273 K, which makes the material possess potential application in gas separation.     

Effect of the self-assembly of collagen on crystallisation of calcium carbonate in aqueous solution

In order to investigate how the self-assembly of organic matrix influences crystallisation and growth of inorganic minerals, we selected collagen as the matrix and conducted three experiments of crystallisation of CaCO₃ in different reaction systems: H₂O system, as-assembled collagen fibrils system and self-assembling of collagen system. It is found that (i) the self-assembly process of organic matrix had a remarkable effect on the morphology of inorganic minerals: CaCO₃ crystals formed in the as-assembled collagen fibrils system were global clusters and those formed in the self-assembling of collagen system appeared as interlaced networks and (ii) the organic matrix decided the polymorph of crystals: CaCO₃ crystals were calcite in the H₂O system and appeared vaterite in the collagen system. From this study, we can conclude that the self-assembly of collagen fibrils greatly affect the crystallisation and growth of CaCO₃. Such results are significant in understanding the mechanism of biomineralisation in calcified tissues in general, and useful in the synthesis of biominerals.

(a)?CaCO₃ formed in the as-assembled collagen fibrils system. (b)?CaCO₃ formed in the self-assembling of collagen monomer system.The TEM images of samples obtained in the as-assembled collagen fibrils and self-assembling of collagen monomer system, were observed, respectively. The result shows that crystals CaCO₃ formed in the as-assembled collagen fibrils system were global clusters; crystals CaCO₃ formed in the self-assembling of collagen monomer system appeared interlaced networks.