水热法制备Cu-HMS催化剂及其催化草酸二甲酯加氢性能的研究

以十六胺为模板剂,采用水热合成法制备了一系列不同铜负载量的Cu-HMS催化剂,并考察了其对草酸二甲酯加氢制乙二醇反应的催化性能.同时,通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、N_2低温吸附脱附、红外光谱(FI-IR)、H_2程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)及透射电镜(TEM)等手段对催化剂进行了系统表征.结果表明,铜负载量对催化剂活性组分的分散性和载体之间的相互作用力影响很大.实验结果表明,以20%铜负载量制备的Cu-HMS催化剂催化性能优势明显.在反应温度为205℃、压力为2.0 MPa、氢酯比为80 mol/mol及液时空速为0.4 h-1的条件下,草酸二甲酯的转化率接近100%,乙二醇的选择性高达98.11%.     

Characterization of a Stable Adaptive Calibration Model Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares with a Kalman Filter

The calibration model of near-infrared (NIR) spectra established using the Kalman filter-partial least square (partial least squares combined with a Kalman filter) method can be adapted to outdated equipment, environmental changes, external samples, and other applications. However, the variance of the measurement noise estimation for NIR spectrum measurements cannot be easily obtained using Kalman filter-partial least squares; therefore, the variance in the measurement noise is often assumed to be zero for the Kalman filter-partial least square calibration model, which affects the stability of the model. In this study, the measured input and output data were used effectively, and the gamma test method for estimating the measurement noise variance was used to improve the stability of the Kalman filter-partial least square calibration model. First, an accurate estimation of the measurement noise variance was obtained, and accurate modeling was then performed using Kalman filter-partial least squares. Finally, 600 abandoned drilling fluid samples were used to confirm the validity of the proposed method. The Kalman filter-partial least square and gamma test-Kalman filter-partial least square methods are compared. Testing of external samples 401–600 demonstrated that the stability of the Kalman filter-partial least square model decreased. The root mean square error of the prediction of the Kalman filter-partial least square model was 27.135, which was worse than that of the gamma test-Kalman filter-partial least square model (20.307). The validation results show that the proposed method has better stability in tracking the evolution of the NIR spectrometer’s measurement state.     

稀土改质催化剂对废食用油制备燃料油的影响

利用浸渍法制备稀土改质催化剂,用于废食用油脂催化裂解的裂解气催化改质。考察了催化剂活性组分含量、硅铝比、焙烧温度、改质反应温度对产物组成、烯烃含量及收率的影响。得最佳条件:ZSM-5作为催化剂载体,催化剂活性组分镧稀土含量为6%,催化剂焙烧温度为550℃,改质反应温度为360℃。在最佳条件下催化改质,燃料油烯烃含量降低了34.3%,汽油含量提高了14.36%,轻柴油含量提高了1.67%,重柴油含量下降了6.72%,重油含量下降了2.2%,燃料油总收率提高了7.12%,油品质显著提高。     

Structural elucidation of new urinary tamoxifen metabolites by liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

In this study, tamoxifen metabolic profiles were investigated carefully. Tamoxifen was administered to two healthy male volunteers and one female patient suffering from breast cancer. Urinary extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography quadruple time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry using full scan and targeted MS/MS techniques with accurate mass measurement. Chromatographic peaks for potential metabolites were selected by using the theoretical [M + H]⁺ as precursor ion in full‐scan experiment and m/z 72, 58 or 44 as characteristic product ions for N,N‐dimethyl, N‐desmethyl and N,N‐didesmethyl metabolites in targeted MS/MS experiment, respectively. Tamoxifen and 37 metabolites were detected in extraction study samples. Chemical structures of seven unreported metabolites were elucidated particularly on the basis of fragmentation patterns observed for these metabolites. Several metabolic pathways containing mono‐ and di‐hydroxylation, methoxylation, N‐desmethylation, N,N‐didesmethylation, oxidation and combinations were suggested. All the metabolites were detected in the urine samples up to 1 week. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

橙红色荧光粉Ca_(1-x-y)Sm_xBi_ySiO_3的制备及其发光性能

以Sm3+作为激活剂,Bi3+作为辅助激活剂,采用水热法合成Ca1-x-ySmxBiySi O3前驱体,然后在1 100℃焙烧得到系列橙红色荧光粉。用X-射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和荧光分光光度计和傅里叶变换红外光谱等手段对样品的组成、结构和形貌及其发光性质进行分析和表征。分析结果表明:产物都为三斜晶系结构的Ca1-x-ySmxBiySi O3和四方结构的方石英Si O2共熔体。在405 nm近紫外光激发下,产物的发射光谱由3个峰组成,发射峰值位于566、606和650 nm处,分别归属于Sm3+的4G5/2→6HJ/2(J=5,7,9)跃迁。产物的激发光谱在405 nm有很强的发射带,与近紫外LED芯片匹配。随着Sm3+掺量的增加,样品发光强度先增强后减弱,当Sm3+的物质的量分数为3%时发光强度达到最大,浓度猝灭机理为电偶极-电偶极相互作用。当Bi3+的物质的量分数在0.3%~1.5%时,对产物Ca0.97Sm0.03Si O3的荧光强度起敏化作用。Sm3+和Bi3+的最佳物质的量分数分别为3%和0.5%。     

色谱-质谱联用技术在中药代谢组学研究中的应用

代谢组学是研究生物体被扰动后其代谢产物种类、数量及变化规律的科学,研究理念与中医药理论的整体、动态观念非常一致,目前很多工作已将代谢组学应用于中药药效物质基础、作用机制、复方及配伍规律等研究中,有望推动中医药现代化进程。色谱-质谱联用技术是代谢组学的主要分析技术平台,该文综述了近3年来色谱-质谱联用技术在中药代谢组学研究中的应用,重点介绍不同分离技术的特点及最新进展,并讨论了其存在的问题。     

自由基修饰共轭微孔聚合物应用于5-羟甲基糠醛选择性氧化

采用有机单体侧链嫁接2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧自由基（2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidineoxyl,TEMPO）的策略将TEMPO嫁接到2,5-二溴苯甲酸侧链,并与四（4-乙炔基苯）甲烷通过Sonogashira偶联反应,构筑TEMPO自由基功能化共轭微孔聚合物CMP-4-TEMPO.利用核磁共振谱（NMR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、粉末X-射线衍射（XRD）红外吸收光谱（FT-IR）和电子顺磁共振谱（EPR）等技术研究了所合成单体及CMP形貌和结构.催化性能测试结果表明CMP-4-TEMPO可将5-羟甲基糠醛（5-HMF）高效、高选择性氧化成高附加值2,5-二甲酰基呋喃（2,5-DFF）.CMP-4-TEMPO催化剂循环利用10次仍保持较高的转化率.提出了CMP-4-TEMPO中形成TEMPO氧正离子是实现5-HMF转化为2,5-DEF的催化氧化机理.CMP-4-TEMPO有望成为各种醇高效、高选择性氧化以及可循环利用的异相催化剂.     

珠三角地区人群血浆中邻苯二甲酸酯的暴露水平研究

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法对珠三角地区人群血浆中16种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的暴露情况进行分析。样品预处理采用乙腈沉淀蛋白,正己烷液液萃取。结果表明,血浆中检出邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DiBP)、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DnBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二环己基酯(DCHP)与邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)。其中DEHP的检出率为100%;其次为DiBP、DnBP与DMP,检出率分别为98.0%、62.0%和49.0%;DCHP与BBP的检出率最低,均为5.00%。∑PAEs的含量为12.4～1 399 ng/g,中值与平均值分别为39.8、57.7 ng/g。6种PAEs中DEHP占比最高,为90.01%～99.96%。对不同性别与年龄人群的PAEs暴露水平进行研究,发现女性与低年龄组(≤40岁)人群血浆中的PAEs浓度较高,但仅DMP存在显著性差异。     

微管蛋白聚合抑制剂OXi8006的合成新方法

2-(3'-羟基-4'-甲氧基苯基)-3-(3",4",5"-三甲氧基苯甲酰基)-6-甲氧基吲哚(OXi8006)能够有效抑制微管蛋白聚合,而表现出良好抗癌活性.目前报道的OXi8006全合成路线较长、总收率低,且反应条件苛刻.为了更高效地合成该化合物,从而为进一步的活性和构效关系研究提供原料.以廉价易得的异香兰素为起始原料,先合成芳基乙炔,再与3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲醛通过亲核加成、氧化反应获得二芳基炔酮、二芳基炔酮再与邻碘代苯胺通过杂迈克尔加成和分子内Heck反应构建出OXi8006的主体结构——2-芳基-3-芳酰基取代吲哚,从而缩短了合成路线,并使总收率提高到20%.