Synthesis and characterization of surface‐initiated polymer brushes on silicon substrates by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization

Polymer brushes were prepared by using the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) technique. The silicon substrates (Si (111) surface) were modified with ethyl xanthate groups which were introduced by the treatment of Si (111) surface with sodium ethyl xanthate. The polymer brushes were then prepared under RAFT conditions from the Si (111) wafer. Its “living” characteristics were determined by a series of characterizations including gel permeation chromatography (GPC), ellipsometry, and contact angle measurements. The results showed a well‐defined graft layer consisting of polymer brushes with low‐polydispersity could be prepared directly on Si (111)‐X surface (where X represents an ethyl xanthate groups). The structure of the polymer brushes was characterized and confirmed with the surface sensitive techniques such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning probe microscopy (SPM). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二元外代数的Z_n-Galois覆盖代数的Hochschild(上)同调群

设Λ是特征不整除n的域k上的二元外代数,■是Λ的Zn-Galois覆盖代数.首先构造了■的极小投射双模分解,并由此清晰地计算了■的各阶Hochschild同调和上同调群的维数;并且在域的特征为零时,计算了■的循环同调群的维数.     

Yunnandaphninines F and G,New C30 Alkaloids from Daphniphyllum yunnanense

Eight C₃₀ Daphniphyllum alkaloids, including two new ones, yunnandaphninines F and G ( 1 and 2 , resp.), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Daphniphyllum yunnanense. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of the spectroscopic data.     

Polyfluorenes minimally doped with 1,4‐bis(2‐thienyl‐2‐cyanovinyl)benzene chromophore: Their synthesis,characterization, and application to white‐light‐emitting materials

Copolyfluorenes ( PFR1 and PFR2 ), chemically doped with 0.1 and 0.025 mol % 2,5‐dihexyloxy‐1,4‐bis(2‐thienyl‐2‐cyanovinyl)benzene (MR chromophere) were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction. The PFR s were used to fabricate white‐light‐emitting devices through incomplete energy transfer. Because of the low content of the MR chromophore, the optical, thermal, and electrochemical properties of the PFR s were almost identical to those of polyfluorene, except for their photoluminescent (PL) and electroluminescent (EL) properties. The copolymer films showed PL peaks at about 428 and 570 nm originating from fluorene segments and MR chromophores, respectively. Compared with the model compound ( MR ), the polymer chains extended the conjugation length of the MR chromophores and exhibited a 20–48 nm red‐shift in the emission band. In addition, the lower LUMO level of the MR (?3.27 eV) was expected to improve the electron injection. The EL devices [ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ PFR s/Ca (50 nm)/Al (100 nm)] showed a broad emission band, covering the entire visible region, with chromaticity coordinates of (0.36, 0.35) and (0.32, 0.30) for PFR1 and PFR2 devices, respectively. The emission color of the PFR2 device was very similar to that of a pure white light (0.33, 0.33); and the maximal brightness and current efficiency were 3011 cd/m² and 1.98 cd/A, respectively, which surpass those found for polyfluorene devices (1005 cd/m², 0.28 cd/A). A). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3703–3713, 2008     

A strategy for synthesis of ion‐bonded amphiphilic miktoarm star copolymers via supramolecular macro‐RAFT agent

Amphiphilic supramolecular miktoarm star copolymers linked by ionic bonds with controlled molecular weight and low polydispersity have been successfully synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using an ion‐bonded macromolecular RAFT agent (macro‐RAFT agent). Firstly, a new tetrafunctional initiator, dimethyl 4,6‐bis(bromomethyl)‐isophthalate, was synthesized and used as an initiator for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene to form polystyrene (PSt) containing two ester groups at the middle of polymer chain. Then, the ester groups were converted into tertiary amino groups and the ion‐bonded supramolecular macro‐RAFT agent was obtained through the interaction between the tertiary amino group and 2‐dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanyl‐2‐methyl propionic acid (DMP). Finally, ion‐bonded amphiphilic miktoarm star copolymer, (PSt)₂‐poly(N‐isopropyl‐acrylamide)₂, was prepared by RAFT polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) in the presence of the supramolecular macro‐RAFT agent. The polymerization kinetics was investigated and the molecular weight and the architecture of the resulting star polymers were characterized by means of ¹H‐NMR, FTIR, and GPC techniques. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5805–5815, 2008     

空中加油问题当前最好的几个方案

通过比较增加一架辅机后主机飞行距离的净增量,得到当前最好的从一架到数万架辅机的可行方案;同时通过两个反例,揭示了空中加油问题新的研究方向.     

On a friction coefficient of nematic liquid crystals

Values of a friction coefficient of eight nematic liquid crystals are obtained by re-examining a set of old experimental data of Zwetkoff and Sosnovsky.     

Norm or Numerical Radius Attaining Multilinear Mappings and Polynomials

We study the denseness or norm of numerical radius attainingmultilinear mappings and polynomials between Banach spaces,and examine the relations between norms and numerical radiiof such mappings.     

Morphology, structure and Raman scattering of carbon nanotubes produced by using mesoporous materials

Carbon nanotubes were prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of hydrocarbon gas on various substrates. The effect of substrates on the growth, morphology and structure of carbon nanotubes were investigated. Aligned carbon nanotubes with high density and purity were achieved by CVD on mesoporous silica substrate. The Raman scattering of aligned carbon nanotubes was carried out, and the dependence of the phonon properties on the microstructure of the nanotubes has been discussed.     

氧化还原功能纤维的研究──含醇胺基纤维的制备及其与Au~（3＋）的氧化还原吸附反应

用二乙醇胺、乙醇胺及三乙醇胺与反应性氯甲基化纤维进行胺化反应，得到的功能纤维Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的含氮量分别为２．２６、２．７１和１．８６ｍｍｏ１／ｇ．吸附实验结果表明，纤维Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ对Ａｕ~（３＋）的最大吸附量分别为５５０、６２０、４０９ｍｇ／ｇ，且能将部分吸附态Ａｕ~（３＋）还原成单质金．通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振谱以及光电子能谱证实纤维中与氮原子相邻的羟基碳原子先被氧化成了羰基而氮原子未被氧化．