High-efficiency palladium catalysts supported on ppy-modified C60 for formic acid oxidation

A facile preparation of polypyrrole-modified fullerene supported Pd nanoparticles catalyst is introduced; electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the obtained Pd/ppy-C(60) catalyst shows a good electrocatalytic activity and stability for the oxidation of formic acid.     

Resolvent convergence and spectral approximations of sequences of self-adjoint subspaces

This paper studies resolvent convergence and spectral approximations of sequences of self-adjoint subspaces (relations) in complex Hilbert spaces. Concepts of strong resolvent convergence, norm resolvent convergence, spectral inclusion, and spectral exactness are introduced. Fundamental properties of resolvents of subspaces are studied. By applying these properties, several equivalent and sufficient conditions for convergence of sequences of self-adjoint subspaces in the strong and norm resolvent senses are given. It is shown that a sequence of self-adjoint subspaces is spectrally inclusive under the strong resolvent convergence and spectrally exact under the norm resolvent convergence. A sufficient condition is given for spectral exactness of a sequence of self-adjoint subspaces in an open interval lacking essential spectral points. In addition, criteria are established for spectral inclusion and spectral exactness of a sequence of self-adjoint subspaces that are defined on proper closed subspaces.     

Preparation, characterization, and infrared emissivity property of optically active polyurethane/TiO2/SiO2 multilayered microspheres

Optically active polyurethane/titania/silica (LPU/TiO₂/SiO₂) multilayered core–shell composite microspheres were prepared by the combination of titania deposition on the surface of silica spheres and subsequent polymer grafting. LPU/TiO₂/SiO₂ was characterized by FT-IR, UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), SEM and TEM, and the infrared emissivity value (8–14 μm) was investigated in addition. The results indicated that titania and polyurethane had been successfully coated onto the surfaces of silica microspheres. LPU/TiO₂/SiO₂ exhibited clearly multilayered core–shell construction. The infrared emissivity values reduced along with the increase of covering layers thus proved that the interfacial interactions had direct influence on the infrared emissivity. Besides, LPU/TiO₂/SiO₂ multilayered microspheres based on the optically active polyurethane took advantages of the orderly secondary structure and strengthened interfacial synergistic actions. Consequently, it possessed the lowest infrared emissivity value.     

Study on a novel vertical enhancement-mode Ga2O3 MOSFET with FINFET structure

A novel enhanced mode(E-mode)Ga₂O₃ metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)with vertical FINFET structure is proposed and the characteristics of that device are numerically investigated.It is found that the concentration of the source region and the width coupled with the height of the channel mainly effect the on-state characteristics.The metal material of the gate,the oxide material,the oxide thickness,and the epitaxial layer concentration strongly affect the threshold voltage and the output currents.Enabling an E-mode MOSFET device requires a large work function gate metal and an oxide with large dielectric constant.When the output current density of the device increases,the source concentration,the thickness of the epitaxial layer,and the total width of the device need to be expanded.The threshold voltage decreases with the increase of the width of the channel area under the same gate voltage.It is indicated that a set of optimal parameters of a practical vertical enhancement-mode Ga₂O₃ MOSFET requires the epitaxial layer concentration,the channel height of the device,the thickness of the source region,and the oxide thickness of the device should be less than 5×10¹⁶ cm^-3,less than 1.5μm,between 0.1μm-0.3μm and less than 0.08μm,respectively.     

Luminescent properties of YVO4:Eu/SiO2 core–shell composite particles

We report an efficient process for preparing monodisperse SiO₂@Y_0.95Eu_0.05VO₄ core–shell phosphors using a simple citrate sol–gel method and without the use of surface-coupling silane agents or large stabilizers. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were used to characterize the resulting SiO₂@Y_0.95Eu_0.05VO₄ core–shell phosphors. The XRD results demonstrate that the Y_0.95Eu_0.05VO₄ particles crystallization on the surface of SiO₂ annealing at 800 °C is perfectly and the crystallinity increases with raising the annealing temperature. The obtained core–shell phosphors have a near perfect spherical shape with narrow size distribution (average size ca. 500 nm and an average thickness of ~50 nm), are not agglomerated, and have a smooth surface. The thickness of the YVO₄:Eu³⁺ shells on the SiO₂ cores could be easily tailored by changing the mass ratio of shell to core (W = [YVO₄]/[SiO₂]) (~50 nm for W = 30%). The Eu³⁺ shows a strong PL luminescence (dominated by ⁵D₀ − ⁷F₂ red emission at 618 nm) under the excitation of 320 nm UV light. The PL intensity of Eu³⁺ increases with increasing the annealing temperature and the values of W.     

单光子源及在量子信息领域的应用

光量子比特是量子计算和量子通信的理想候选体系之一。高效率、高品质、确定性的单光子源是实现光学量子计算和绝对安全量子通信的重要前提条件。自组装半导体量子点,又称“人造原子”,具有优良的单光子性和光子全同性,是理想的单光子源。此外,量子点可以通过外加电场,囚禁单个原子或空穴,作为光子-自旋比特的界面,构建可扩展光量子网络。微柱腔耦合的量子点,拥有很强的Purcell效应,在保持单光子性和光子全同性的同时,大大地提高了提取效率,且具有很好的相干性,可用于大规模量子计算。近年来,人们在二维单原子层材料中发现了非经典的单光子发射,使二维材料和量子光学领域得到了结合,开辟了新的研究路线：探索单原子层材料在量子技术的潜在应用。和传统固态单光子源系统相比,二维材料更易于与其他光电平台结合,可人为控制缺陷位置,有利于推动高品质、低成本单光子源的发展,得到了科学家的广泛关注。本报告首先从量子计算和量子通信两方面提出发展单光子源的意义,接着介绍单光子源的性质和产生原理,然后介绍单光子源在自组装半导体量子点和二维单原子层材料中的实现和发展,最后从光子-自旋量子隐形传态和玻色采样实验中讨论单光子源在量子计算和量子网络方面的应用前景。     

基于有限元的REBCO无绝缘线圈三维全模型及瞬态特性仿真

无绝缘(NI)线圈因具有高电流密度、高热稳定性和高失超恢复能力,是一种极具应用前景的高温超导线圈绕制技术.在本文中,我们通过在AC/DC模块中耦合了电路模块和热模块,建立了一个完整的三维(3D)有限元模型(FEM).新耦合的电路模块能够对NI线圈整体进行励磁,从而保证其环向和径向保真度.通过该模型,我们分析了NI线圈的以下两个关键问题:充放电过程中,环向和径向电磁传输行为;过载流情况下不同接触电阻大小以及不同金属绝缘材料对线圈热稳定性的影响.我们比较了有限元仿真结果与分析电路模型的结果,两者达成了很好的一致性.我们所构建的3D模型可以进一步应用于观察NI线圈内部的电场和磁场分布,同时更为准确地描述超导材料的非线性特性,从而为NI线圈的设计和保护提供更为合理的物理参数.     

含埋藏椭圆形裂纹金属构件电磁热止裂时热应力场分析

对带有椭圆埋藏裂纹金属构件在脉冲放电瞬间的热应力场进行了理论分析.在热应力场的求解中,利用了热传导和非定常热应力理论,由求解的热应力场公式发现:在脉冲放电瞬间,电磁热在裂纹尖端形成热压应力场,热压力场可有效地抑制裂纹的扩展.以Cr12MoV模具钢中埋藏椭圆裂纹止裂为例,具体计算了脉冲放电瞬间的热应力场分布情况,为空间裂纹电磁热止裂技术的实际应用提供了理论基础.     

带有半埋藏空间裂纹的Cr12构件电磁热止裂分析

对带有半埋藏环形裂纹的Cr12标准拉伸试件进行了电磁热止裂研究.通过ZL-2型放电装置实现了半埋藏空间裂纹的止裂实验,采用微机控制电子万能试验机完成了止裂前后试件拉伸性能测试,同时计算了电磁热止裂前后应力强度因子的变化;建立了超强脉冲电流放电瞬间,环形裂纹尖端附近电流绕流、温度场和热应力场的数值分析模型,通过热-电耦合和热-机械耦合两个过程得到了脉冲放电瞬间拉伸试件中的电流矢量场、温度场和热应力场.研究表明:脉冲电流放电瞬间,围绕裂纹尖端金属熔化,钝化了裂尖,并围绕裂尖形成了热压应力场,得到了超细化的金属组织,止裂后抗拉强度得到了提高,达到了止裂的目的.     

Elucidating the Role of Oxygen Species in Oxidative Coupling of Methane over Supported MnOx−Na2WO4-containing Catalysts

The present study of oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) over MnO_x−Na₂WO₄/support catalysts demonstrated that the selectivity to C₂H₆ and C₂H₄ (C₂-hydrocarbons) is affected by the kind of support, co-fed water, and the kind of oxidant (O₂ vs. N₂O). In addition to previous studies with MnO_x−Na₂WO₄/SiO₂, an enhancing water effect was obtained using catalysts based on TiO₂- or ZrO₂-containing supports. However, a negative effect on methane conversion was established for SiO₂−Al₂O₃-supported catalysts. Temporal analysis of products with isotopic tracers suggests that the ability of MnO_x−Na₂WO₄ to generate diatomic adsorbed oxygen species depends on the kind of support and is the key property for the water effect. The strength of the water effect on the activity decreases with an increase in the surface area of working catalysts. The kind of support also affects products selectivity due to its influence on the mobility/releasability of lattice oxygen in supported MnO_x−Na₂WO₄. Among the prepared catalysts, MnO_x−Na₂WO₄/TiO₂ was found to be promising for H₂O-assisted OCM. The use of N₂O instead of O₂ further increases the selectivity to C₂-hydrocarbons to 84 % at 6.8 % CH₄ conversion due to the formation of predominantly monoatomic oxygen species from N₂O that selectively convert CH₄ into C₂H₆.