Refined Prediction and Observation of Dislocation Structures in Low Σ Symmetric Grain Boundaries

The grain boundary dislocation structures of three Fe–4at.% Si bicrystals with an additional misorientation of the order of 2° were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), one S5 [001] (310) and two S9 [110] (1 [`1]\overline 1 4). It was found that in the S5 case two Burgers vectors of the structure are not simple basic complete displacement shift lattice (DSC) vectors and are larger than any one of them. This enabled formation of the preferred grain boundary dislocation (GBD) structure with a hexagonal net composed of three screw dislocations and an independent set of parallel edge dislocations. In the S9 case the GBD structure comprises three apparently independent sets of parallel dislocations. The Burgers vectors of two sets could be established as basic DSC vectors in screw and edge orientation, respectively, with respect to the GB plane. For the third set formed by separated groups of four dislocations no corresponding basic DSC vector exists. This case needs further investigation. The previously published table of predicted GBD structures for symmetrical coincidence boundaries up to S11 was refined according to the new results.     

Adsorption of silanes bearing nitrogenated Lewis bases on SiO2/Si (100) model surfaces

The present paper describes the one-pot procedure for the formation of self-assembled thin films of two silanes on the model oxidized silicon wafer, SiO2/Si. SiO2/Si is a model system for other surfaces, such as glass, quartz, aerosol, and silica gel. MALDI-TOF MS with and without a matrix, XPS, and AFM have confirmed the formation of self-assembled thin films of both 3-imidazolylpropyltrimethoxysilane (3-IPTS) and 4-(N-propyltriethoxysilane-imino)pyridine (4-PTSIP) on the SiO2/Si surface after 30 min. Longer adsorption times lead to the deposition of nonreacted 3-IPTS precursors and the formation of agglomerates on the 3-IPTS monolayer. The formation of 4-PTSIP self-assembled layers on SiO2/Si is also demonstrated. The present results for the flat SiO2/Si surface can lead to a better understanding of the formation of a stationary phase for affinity chromatography as well as transition-metal-supported catalysts on silica and their relationship with surface roughness and ordering. The 3-IPTS and 4-PTSIP modified SiO2/Si wafers can also be envisaged as possible built-on-silicon thin-layer chromatography (TLC) extraction devices for metal determination or N-heterocycle analytes, such as histidine and histamine, with "on-spot" MALDI-TOF MS detection.     

Aggregation equations with gradient potential as Radon measure and initial data in Besov-Morrey spaces

In this work, we present conditions to obtain a global-in-time existence of solutions to a class of nonlinear viscous transport equations describing aggregation phenomena in biology with sufficiently small initial data in Besov-Morrey spaces and gradient potential as a Radon measure. We also study the self-similarity and asymptotic stability of solutions at large times.     

Biopolymer Synthesized by Strains of Xanthomonas sp Isolate from Brazil Using Biodiesel-Waste

The future supplies and usage of glycerol are expected to increase as biodiesel plants increase production, and the output will greatly outpace demand. Biodiesel production has already had a significant impact on the price of refined glycerol. A major concern of glycerol producers is the reduced price of glycerol resulting from the increased production of biodiesel. Some alternative uses for this glycerol that have been investigated are substrates for fermentation process or the production of biosurfactants, fatty acids, biopolymers, and others products. This work had as objective to evaluate two strains of Xanthomonas sp isolate from Brazil for xanthan gum in orbital agitator, analizing the apparent viscosity of aqueous solutions and selecting viscosity. The experiments of xanthan gum production were realized in orbital agitator with 120 rpm agitation, for cells production, and 180rpm, for biopolymer production, under a 28 °C temperature. The rheology of the fermentation broth was analyzed by apparent viscosity and the polymer was recovered with ethanol (1:3, v/v). After its recovery, the productivity evaluation was performed. The productivity were 0.157 and 0.363 gL⁻¹ for C1 and 0.186 and 0.363 gL⁻¹ for C9 to media glycerol or glycerol and sucrose, respectively. The viscosity analysis was performed for aqueous solutions 3%, at 25 °C, the best apparent viscosity was obtained using gum synthesized with glycerol and sucrose (50:50) at 25 °C, 143 mPa.s⁻¹ from Xanthomonas sp C1.     

Anti-Leishmania and cytotoxic activities of perillaldehyde epoxide synthetic positional isomers

Leishmaniasis belongs to a complex of zoonotic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and is considered a major public health problem. Several essential oil chemical components have inhibitory effect against protozoa, including Leishmania donovani. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the anti-Leishmania activity of two p-menthane monoterpene isomers (EPER-1: perillaldehyde 1,2-epoxide and EPER-2: perillaldehyde 8,9-epoxide) against L. donovani promastigotes as well as evaluating cytotoxic effect on mononuclear peripheral blood cells. Results of anti-Leishmania assay revealed that EPER-2 (IC₅₀ = 3.8 μg.mL^?1) was 16-fold more potent than its isomer EPER-1 (IC₅₀ = 64.6 μg.mL^?1). In contrast to PBMC cells, EPER-2 was not cytotoxic (IC₅₀ > 400 μg.mL^?1) when compared to positive control. These data suggest that the disposition of epoxide group into the p-menthane skeleton affects the anti-Leishmania activity, being that the presence of the exocyclic epoxide group considerably increased potency. Thus, it was possible to observe that the location of the epoxide group into the p-menthane skeleton resulted in different potencies.     

Enhancement of the superconducting transition temperature of La2-xSrxCuO4 bilayers: role of pairing and phase stiffness

The superconducting transition temperature T(c) of bilayers comprising underdoped La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO(4) films capped by a thin heavily overdoped metallic La(1.65)Sr(0.35)CuO(4) layer, is found to increase with respect to T(c) of the bare underdoped films. The highest T(c) is achieved for x=0.12, close to the "anomalous" 1/8 doping level, and exceeds that of the optimally doped bare film. Our data suggest that the enhanced superconductivity is confined to the interface between the layers. We attribute the effect to a combination of the high pairing scale in the underdoped layer with an enhanced phase stiffness induced by the overdoped film.     

Label-free biosensor by protein grating coupler on planar optical waveguides

We report a diffraction-based, label-free biosensor on the surface of a planar optical waveguide. By selectively immobilizing proteins on an optical waveguide, the proteins can form the ridge/valley of a latent image optical grating. Binding events with patterned surface proteins dynamically increase grating height and cause an increase in light coupling out of the waveguide. We demonstrate the efficacy of this strategy for protein detection and present the design and fabrication of a device.     

Ligand-Enabled Nickel-Catalyzed Redox-Relay Migratory Hydroarylation of Alkenes with Arylborons

A redox-relay migratory hydroarylation of isomeric mixtures of olefins with arylboronic acids catalyzed by nickel complexes bearing diamine ligands is described. A range of structurally diverse 1,1-diarylalkanes, including those containing a 1,1-diarylated quaternary carbon, were obtained in excellent yields and with high regioselectivity. Preliminary experimental evidence supports the proposed non-dissociated chainwalking of aryl-nickel(II)-hydride species along the alkyl chain of alkenes before selective reductive elimination at a benzylic position. A catalyst loading as low as 0.5 mol % proved to be sufficient in large-scale synthesis while retaining high reactivity, highlighting the practical value of this transformation.     

Decay Estimates for Solutions of Porous Medium Equations with Advection

In this paper, we show that bounded weak solutions of the Cauchy problem for general degenerate parabolic equations of the form

$$ u_{t} + \operatorname{div}f(x,t,u) = \operatorname{div}\bigl( |u|^{\alpha } \nabla u\bigr), \quad x \in \mathbb{R}^{n} , \ t > 0, $$

where \(\alpha > 0 \) is constant, decrease to zero, under fairly broad conditions on the advection flux \(f\). Besides that, we derive a time decay rate for these solutions.