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91.
Komoto A Maenosono S Yamaguchi Y 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2004,20(20):8916-8923
Fluorescence oscillation is observed in an ensemble of colloidal CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) dispersed in nonpolar solvent under continuous irradiation. The QDs dispersed in toluene gradually aggregate and change their fluorescence intensity, even in the dark. During the aggregation, the QD/toluene suspension is unstable, that is, overdispersed. The fluorescence oscillation is found only in this unstable state before the system reaches steady state. In addition, the aggregation rate is promoted by irradiation and strongly correlates with the oscillation amplitude. Our experimental results indicate that the dispersion instability plays an important role in both linear and nonlinear dynamics of the fluorescence. It is inferred from the experimental results and previous studies that the complex time evolution of fluorescence in the QD/toluene dispersion is possibly due to adsorption and desorption of surface ligand molecules over the course of QD aggregation. 相似文献
92.
Nakamura R Imanishi A Murakoshi K Nakato Y 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2003,125(24):7443-7450
Multiple internal reflection infrared spectroscopy was applied to in situ investigations of surface intermediates of photocatalytic reactions on nanocrystalline TiO(2) films in contact with aqueous solutions. UV irradiation in the presence of dissolved O(2) caused the appearance of new bands peaked at 943, 838, and 1250-1120 cm(-)(1) together with intensity changes in other bands. Investigations of influences of the solution pH, the presence or absence of hole and electron scavengers, and isotopic H(2)O --> D(2)O exchange on the spectral changes have revealed that the primary step of photocatalytic O(2) reduction is the formation of the surface peroxo species, Ti(O(2)), giving the 943 cm(-)(1) band, probably with the surface superoxo species, TiOO., as a precursor, in neutral and acidic solutions. The surface peroxo species is then transformed to the surface hydroperoxo, TiOOH, giving the 838 and 1250-1120 cm(-)(1) bands, by protonation in the dark. This is, to our knowledge, the first direct in situ spectroscopic detection of primary intermediates for the photocatalytic O(2) reduction in aqueous solutions. On the basis of the assignment, a possible reaction scheme for various processes of the photocatalytic O(2) reduction is proposed, which is in harmony with other spectral changes induced by the UV irradiation. 相似文献
93.
Single puffs of cigarette smoke with a wide continuous range of volatility are directly analyzed using a new system. The system consists of a smoking machine, an online thermal desorption system (TDS), and a multidimensional gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (MDGC-MS) system. The online TDS with the smoking machine collects the single-puff cigarette smoke with glass beads as the cryogenic adsorbent. The MDGC is composed of three capillary columns, Poraplot Q, and DB-WAX for separation and a deactivated capillary column for pressure balance, which enables simultaneous separation of the two different phases. The smoke desorbed from the TDS is divided into vapor and semivolatile phases and analyzed individually with each column by the MDGC. Thus, the system enables the overall analysis of the two phases simultaneously, including acetaldehyde and 1,4-benzenediol. This system also provides more appropriate analysis for compounds crossing the two phases such as toluene and pyridine. For the approach of introducing internal standards, a gas mixture of toluene-d(8) and o-xylene-d(10) is applied and the compounds are detected in the vapor and semivolatile phases, respectively. 相似文献
94.
Yukio Yoshimura 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1986,24(9):2085-2099
Formaldehyde was reacted with both 2,4-dimethylphenol(2,4-xyenol) and 2,6-dimethylphenol(2,6-xylenol), which are model compounds of monofunctional phenols, and the reaction products were subjected to HLC analysis to elucidate details of the formation process and bonding manner of a formal group, which can greatly affect the performance of phenol–formaldehyde resins. As a result, formal compounds of dimethylphenols were successfully separated by HLC. It was further found, as a result of tracing the reactions by HLC, that the formation of a formal group occurs at either position of the ortho and para positions, and that methylol compounds were formed following formation of the formal compounds. Furthermore, as a result of NMR analysis as well as consideration of solvation on the basis of the relative elution volumes of the nonacetylated and acetylated reaction products it was found that the formal group was added to the phenol nuclei. 相似文献
95.
Atsuhiro Fujimori Hiroko Hoshizawa Satoshi Kobayashi Kaname Kanai Yukio Ouchi Kazuhiko Seki 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2008,46(5):534-546
Comb copolymers containing both hydrogenated and fluorinated side‐chains were prepared by copolymerization using acrylic or methacrylic monomers in several ratios. The crystal structures of these copolymers and layer structures of their organized molecular films were investigated by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and out‐of plane X‐ray diffraction. Further, to selectively estimate the regularity of shorter fluorocarbon side‐chains, organized molecular films of copolymers were investigated by polarized near‐edge X‐ray adsorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. From the results of these measurements, it was inferred that these copolymers formed highly ordered layer structures, and a long spacing was predominantly determined by the arrangement of hydrogenated side‐chains, except in copolymers having extremely high fluorocarbon contents. In the case of the organized molecular films, the fluorinated side‐chains of methacrylate copolymers cannot form a highly ordered arrangement, whereas those of acrylate copolymers were oriented on monolayers. However, in both cases, the hydrogenated side‐chains predominantly formed layer structures in the organized films, and the fluorinated side‐chains did not contribute to the formation of the layer structures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 534–546, 2008 相似文献
96.
Thin films of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 were fabricated by evaporation from ternary CuGaSe2 and CuInSe2 compounds for photovoltaic device applications and their properties were investigated. From XRF analysis, the Cu:(In+Ga):Se atomic ratio in all thin films was approximately 1:1:2. The Ga/(In+Ga) atomic ratio in the thin films changed linearly from 0 to 1.0 with increasing the [CGS]/([CGS]+[CIS]) mole ratio in the evaporating materials. However, for thin films prepared at the [CGS]/([CGS]+[CIS]) mole ratio above 0.4, the composition by EPMA analysis was not consistent with that by XRF analysis. The result of EPMA analysis showed that the surface of a thin film was Cu-rich. XRD studies demonstrated that the thin films prepared at the [CGS]/([CGS]+[CIS]) mole ratio under 0.2 had a chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se2 structure and the preferred orientation to the 112 plane. On the other hand, XRD patterns of the thin films produced at the [CGS]/([CGS]+[CIS]) mole ratio above 0.6 showed the diffraction lines from a chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and a foreign phase. The separation of a peak was observed near 2θ=27°, indicative the graded Ga concentration in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film. 相似文献
97.
Nonlinear resonances and self-excited oscillations of a rotor caused by radial clearance and collision 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper investigates oscillations in a flexible rotor system with radial clearance between an outer ring of the bearing
and a casing by experiments and numerical simulations. The mathematical model considers the collisions of the bearing with
the casing. The following phenomena are found: (1) Nonlinear resonances of subharmonic, super-subharmonic and combination
oscillation occur. (2) Self-excited oscillation of a forward whirling mode occurs in a wide range above the major critical
speed. (3) Entrainment phenomena from self-excited oscillation to nonlinear forced oscillation occur at these nonlinear resonance
ranges. Moreover, this study analyzes periodic solutions of the mathematical model by the Harmonic Balance Method (HBM). As
the results, the nonlinear resonances of subharmonic oscillation and its entrainment phenomenon can be explained theoretically
by investigating the stability of the periodic solutions. The influence of the static force and the bearing damping on these
oscillation are also clarified. 相似文献
98.
99.
Kensuke Okusa Yuki Suita Yukio Otsuka Mineo Tahara Tohru Ikegami Nobuo Tanaka Masayoshi Ohira Masakazu Takahashi 《Journal of separation science》2010,33(3):348-358
The effectiveness of several basic compounds for testing silica‐based stationary phases was reviewed by applying them to recent columns for reversed‐phase HPLC. Most octadecylsilylated (C18) stationary phases, prepared as a base‐deactivated material from high‐purity silica gel with endcapping, provided excellent peak shape and column efficiency for the bases including benzylamine and amitriptyline that once caused problems and were subsequently employed for testing silanol activities. However, a cyclic tertiary amine, dextrometorphan, was eluted as an acceptable peak from only a few columns at neutral pH. Such a more sensitive probe is expected to contribute to further improvement of the stationary phase for reversed‐phase HPLC. 相似文献
100.
It was shown that ubiquinone (CoQ10) and ubiquinol (CoQ10H2) produce fluorescence products under alkaline conditions when reacted with 2-cyanoacetamide. The reaction mixture from CoQ10 gave fluorescence with excitation and emission maximum wavelengths at 442 nm and 549 nm, respectively. This reaction was
considered to proceed via Craven’s reaction. Moreover, 2-cyanoacetamide was shown to be a useful reagent for high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC) with post-column fluorescence derivatization of CoQ10 and CoQ10H2 in blood. CoQ10 showed a linear response in the range of 0.32–1276 ng, and the detection limit (S/N = 3) was 0.16 ng. Moreover, the sample
pretreatment by deproteinization and extraction of CoQ10 and CoQ10H2 from plasma using 1-propanol with potassium formate was effective for excellent separation of CoQ10 and CoQ10H2 from other fluorescent substances in the blood. This simple and rapid pretreatment was considered to minimize the oxidation
of CoQ10H2. On the other hand, CoQ10 and CoQ10H2 in plasma samples obtained by finger prick were detected, as in venous blood obtained by venipuncture. Our method involving
the simple and rapid collection of plasma by finger prick and sample pretreatment is thought to be applicable for the determination
of CoQ10H2/total CoQ10 ratio as a biomarker of oxidative stress. 相似文献