Trajectory of the spectral/structural rearrangements for photo-oxidative reaction of neat ketoprofen and its cyclodextrin complex

Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry - Ketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used as mohrus tape which causes unwanted photosensitivity due to UV irradiation. In...     

Influence of Groove on Metal Vapour Behavior and Arc Characteristics in TIG Welding of High Manganese Stainless Steels

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing - In arc welding, a groove is often used between metal pieces being welded. In tungsten inert gas welding of high-manganese stainless steels with arc voltage...     

Counting rule of Nambu–Goldstone modes for internal and spacetime symmetries: Bogoliubov theory approach

When continuous symmetry is spontaneously broken, there appear Nambu–Goldstone modes (NGMs) with linear or quadratic dispersion relation, which is called type-I or type-II, respectively. We propose a framework to count these modes including the coefficients of the dispersion relations by applying the standard Gross–Pitaevskii–Bogoliubov theory. Our method is mainly based on (i) zero-mode solutions of the Bogoliubov equation originated from spontaneous symmetry breaking and (ii) their generalized orthogonal relations, which naturally arise from well-known Bogoliubov transformations and are referred to as “σ$\sigma$-orthogonality” in this paper. Unlike previous works, our framework is applicable without any modification to the cases where there are additional zero modes, which do not have a symmetry origin, such as quasi-NGMs, and/or where spacetime symmetry is spontaneously broken in the presence of a topological soliton or a vortex. As a by-product of the formulation, we also give a compact summary for mathematics of bosonic Bogoliubov equations and Bogoliubov transformations, which becomes a foundation for any problem of Bogoliubov quasiparticles. The general results are illustrated by various examples in spinor Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). In particular, the result on the spin-3 BECs includes new findings such as a type-I–type-II transition and an increase of the type-II dispersion coefficient caused by the presence of a linearly-independent pair of zero modes.     

Sequential SNAr Reaction/Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling/C−H Direct Arylations Approach for the Rapid Synthesis of Tetraaryl‐Substituted Pyrazoles

A rapid synthesis of 1,3,4,5‐tetraaryl‐substituted pyrazoles has been achieved through a sequence of S_NAr reaction/Suzuki–Miyaura coupling/Pd‐catalyzed direct arylations that used 3‐iodo‐1H‐pyrazole as a scaffold. Pyrazoles with four different aryl groups were synthesized in a straightforward manner with no extra synthetic steps, such as protection/deprotection or the introduction of activating/directing groups, using readily available substrates and reagents. The developed synthetic approach enabled the structurally diverse synthesis of multiaryl‐substituted pyrazoles without using a glovebox technique.     

Liquid‐Crystalline Biomacromolecular Templates for the Formation of Oriented Thin‐Film Hybrids Composed of Ordered Chitin and Alkaline‐Earth Carbonate

Macroscopically ordered inorganic thin films have been formed on unidirectionally oriented, liquid‐crystalline chitin matrices. In the presence of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), unidirectionally oriented chitin films act as templates for the formation of oriented thin‐film crystals of alkaline‐earth carbonates such as SrCO₃ and BaCO₃. The morphology and orientation of crystals are dependent on the metal ion concentration. For SrCO₃ crystallization, unidirectional thin films and hexagonal‐shaped thin films have been deposited from 200 and 25 mm concentration strontium solutions, respectively.     

Mass spectrometric measurements of driver gas arrival in the T4 free-piston shock-tunnel

Available test time is an important issue for ground-based flow research, particularly for impulse facilities such as shock tunnels, where test times of the order of several ms are typical. The early contamination of the test flow by the driver gas in such tunnels restricts the test time. This paper reports measurements of the driver gas arrival time in the test section of the T4 free-piston shock-tunnel over the total enthalpy range 3–17 MJ/kg, using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The results confirm measurements made by previous investigators using a choked duct driver gas detector at these conditions, and extend the range of previous mass spectrometer measurements to that of 3–20 MJ/kg. Comparisons of the contamination behaviour of various piston-driven reflected shock tunnels are also made. PACS 07.75.th; 47.40.-x     

Nonlinear Ergodic Theorem for Positively Homogeneous Nonexpansive Mappings in Banach Spaces

Recently, two retractions (projections), which are different from the metric projection and the sunny nonexpansive retraction in a Banach space, were found. In this article, using nonlinear analytic methods and new retractions, we prove a nonlinear ergodic theorem for positively homogeneous and nonexpansive mappings in a uniformly convex Banach space. The limit points are characterized by using new retractions.     

Estimated effects of silicone glue on protein crystal growth

Silicone glue (modified silicone polymer) is widely used for both experiments involving inorganic crystal growth and those involving organic materials like proteins. This material is very useful for building a hand-made experiment setup or for fixing protein crystals to specific locations. Though silicone glue is regarded as harmful to proteins, no systematic verification was performed to investigate its impurity effects on protein crystal growth. We focused on and estimated the impurity effects of silicone glue on protein crystal growth.     

Characterization and solventless growth of salicylic acid macro‐crystals involving a nitrogen gas flow

We report an original solventless thermal crystallisation method to grow large needle‐like salicylic acid (SA) crystals of 10‐12 mm in length. The method is based on the utilization of nitrogen gaz flow on salicylic acid powder during heating just below melting point temperature for 24 h. Salicylic acid provides one of the best examples of a pharmaceutical substance used for cosmetics whose physical and chemical properties indicate hydrogen‐bond formation between the hydroxyl group and an adjacent oxygen atom of the same molecule. The structure of the crystals is confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction; it is monoclinic, a = 4.93(2) Å, b = 11.23(5) Å, c = 11.56(6) Å, β = 90.77(4)° with the space group P 2₁/c. The macrocrystals formation using this method is new and represents an interesting finding for a wide range of applications to be developed in the fields of biotechnology and photonics (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)