A new entry to the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indoles

[reaction: see text] The Stille coupling of N-acyl-2-iodoanilines with the 1-(tributylstannyl)-1-substituted allenes affected the successive one-step formation of the 2-methyl-3-substituted indoles. Alternatively, the other type of 2-alkyl-3-substituted indoles could be synthesized in a one-pot operation, which consists of the Stille coupling reaction with the 1-(tributylstannyl)-1,3-disubstituted allenes, followed by TBAF treatment. This procedure could be applied to the synthesis of indomethacin.     

The mechanism of consumption of ceric salt with cellulosic materials

Efforts were made in the present study to elucidate the mechanism of graft copolymerization of cellulose in the presence of a ceric salt as initiator. When cellulose is treated with an aqueous solution of the ceric salt, ceric ion is consumed in a roughly first-order reaction in the oxidation of cellulose and in the adsorption on cellulose, and the ratio of the rate constants of oxidation and adsorption is about 1:3 in the case of sulfite pulp. Ceric ion is adsorbed so strongly on cellulose as not to be readily desorbed by treatment with water, dilute acid, or dilute alkali. The number of moles of adsorbed ceric ion was approximately equal to the number of moles of the total carbonyl groups in the cases of cotton and sulfite pulp, which are low in hemicellulose content, and was several times as large in the cases of kraft pulp and semichemical pulp, which contain about 22% hemicellulose. In these samples, however, it was interesting to note that the amount of the adsorbed ceric ion was roughly equal to the amount consumed in oxidation. Cellulose on which ceric ion is adsorbed reacts with methyl methacrylate to yield graft copolymers; a higher molecular weight of grafts, smaller number of grafts, and lower graft efficiency than in a standard polymerization were observed. Since the stability of the adsorbed ceric ion is high, a contribution of the adsorbed ceric ion to the graft copolymerization appears small, and the oxidation reaction, which proceeds slightly more slowly than adsorption, seems more important to the graft copolymerization.     

Regeneration of atp by immobilized microbial cells and its utilization for the synthesis of ATP and CDP-Choline

A number of fermentative methods for the production of various important nucleotides from their precursors have been developed in Japan, and some of these nucleotides have been industrially produced for more than a decade. For the production of these nucleotides, required ATP is usually supplied to the fermentation media either exogenously or by the naturally occurring ATP regenerating system involved in microbial cells. In this paper, the authors describe an attempt to immobilize ATP-regenerating microbial cells and then utilize such immobilized cells for the continuous production of various nucleotides.     

Studies on the constituents of solanaceous plants. (46). Steroidal glycosides from the fruits of Solanum anguivi

Three new glycosides named anguiviosides A-C were isolated from the fruits of Solanum anguivi and characterized as follows:3-O-beta-chacotrioside (1), 3-O-[4-O-maloyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyra nosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2) and 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->3)]-beta-D-+ ++glucopyranoide (3), of (25R,26R)-spirost-5-en-3beta,26-diol.     

Tomato new sapogenols, isoesculeogenin A and esculeogenin B

Two novel sapogenols, isoesculeogenin A (1) and esculeogenin B (2) of steroidal alkaloid glycosides, lycoperoside F and esculeoside B, respectively, isolated from the ripe tomato have been characterized as (5alpha,22R,23R,25S)-3beta,23,27-trihydroxyspirosolane and (5alpha,22S,23R,25S)-22,26-epimino-16beta,23-epoxy-3beta,23,27-trihydroxycholestane, respectively.     

Two new 15,16-seco-cycloartane glycosides from Cimicifuga rhizome

Two new 15,16-seco-cycloartane glycosides (1, 2) were isolated from Cimicifuga Rhizome. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis.     

A monoterpene alkaloid from incarvillea sinensis

A novel monoterpene alkaloid, named incarvillateine E, possessing three moles of incarvilline moieties, has been obtained from the aerial parts of Incarvillea sinensis LAM. (Bignoniaceae). On the basis of spectroscopic evidence, the structure of incarvillateine E has been characterized.     

Lignan and neolignan derivatives from Magnolia denudata

A new tricyclo[4.2.0.0(2,8)]octane-type neolignan, 6-allyl-7-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)- 2,3-dimethoxy-8-methyl-tricyclo[4.2.0.0(2,8)]oct-3-en-5-one, together with 15 known lignan and neolignan derivatives have been isolated from the flower buds of Magnolia denudata DESR. and the structures of these compounds have been elucidated based on the 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra and two-dimensional NMR methods such as HMBC, HMQC, and NOESY.     

Three oligosaccharide esters, telephioses A-C, from Polygala telephioides

Three new oligosaccharide esters named telephioses A-C, were isolated from Polygala telephioides WILLD. and their structures were characterized by spectroscopic data.