Skeletal reorganization of enynes into 1-vinylcycloalkenes in ionic liquids

The skeletal reorganization of enynes catalyzed by transition metal chlorides, such as PtCl(2), [RuCl(2)(CO)(3)](2), [RhCl(CO)(2)](2), and AuCl(3), in ionic liquids proceeds under milder conditions (at lower reaction temperatures and for shorter reaction times) than those needed for ordinary solvents. The products produced by the skeletal reorganization of enynes were easily removed from the catalyst by a simple extraction with Et(2)O or distillation. The PtCl(2) can be reused up to five times.     

Sigmasigma* transition in anti,cisoid alternating oligosilanes: clear-cut evidence for suppression of conjugation effect by a cisoid turn

On the basis of the UV absorption spectra of the anti,cisoid alternating oligosilanes, the first experimental clear-cut evidence was presented for the generally accepted idea that the sigma conjugation in polysilanes does not effectively extend through a tetrasilane fragment with a small dihedral angle such as a cisoid turn.     

Enantiomer separation of pharmaceuticals by capillary gas chromatography with novel chiral stationary phases

New chiral stationary phases of polydimethylsiloxane anchored with (S)-(-)-t-leucine derivatives were provided for use in enantiomer separation of pharmaceuticals by capillary gas chromatography. Fifteen pharmaceuticals were separated into their enantiomeric pairs by converting them into pentafluoropropionyl and heptafluorobutyryl derivatives. The separation factor and resolution obtained from the new phases were superior to those from the conventional Chirasil-Val capillary column.     

Measurement of Gamma-Rays from 11ΛB and 12ΛC

From the ^12 C（π^＋,K^＋）^12 AC reaction the γ -rays of 261.6±0.24 ke V（7/2^＋ →5/2^＋）and 1481.7±0.7 ke V（1/2^＋ →5/2^＋） of ^11 A B,and 2667.3±2.8 keV（1^- 2 → 2^- 1）of ^12 A C hypernuclei have been identified using a large germanium detector array Hyperball2 at K6 beam line of KEK. The observed energies of the transitions 1481.7keV and 261.6 keV are significantly different from the values predicted by the shell model using the △ and SN parameters determined from the ^7 △ Li data.     

Thermally-induced skeletal rearrangement of (Z)-O-propargylic α,β-unsaturated aldoximes to multisubstituted pyridine oxides

(Z)-Propargylic oxime ethers derived from α,β-unsaturated aldehydes were converted to the corresponding 2,3,6-trisubstituted pyridine oxides in moderate to acceptable yields with high regioselectivity. The reaction proceeds via a tandem thermal [2,3] rearrangement, 4π electrocyclization, and ring expansion.     

Siladenoserinols M–P,sulfonated serinol derivatives from a tunicate

Four new sulfonated serinol derivatives, siladenoserinols M–P (1–4), were isolated from a tunicate of the family Didemnidae collected in Indonesia. Their chemical structures were elucidated by the interpretation of NMR and mass spectroscopic data. Two of them (2 and 4) were revealed to be disulfonate serinol derivatives, and the others were monosulfonates. Siladenoserinols A (5) and B (6), which we previously isolated from the same tunicate, inhibited the p53–Hdm2 interaction with an IC₅₀ value of 2.0?μM. However, 1–4 did not inhibit the activity. The result suggested that the acetyl group in the bicyclic ketal unit and/or the glycerophospholipid moiety in 5 and 6 were responsible for the inhibition of the p53–Hdm2 interaction.     

Impact of average photon-energy coefficient of solar spectrum on the short circuit current of photovoltaic modules

The output energy of photovoltaic (PV) modules is influenced by the spectral irradiance distribution of the solar spectrum under outdoor conditions. To rate the precise output energy of PV modules, the correction of short circuit current (I_SC) based on actual environmental conditions is needed, because I_SC significantly depends on the shape of the spectral irradiance distribution. The average photon energy (APE) is a zero-dimensional index for spectral irradiance distribution, and APE value uniquely describes the shape of a solar spectrum. Thus, APE has an impact on I_SC of PV modules. In this contribution, the relationship between APE coefficient and I_SC of the multi-crystalline silicon, single-crystalline silicon, heterojunction intrinsic thin-layer, back contact, copper indium selenide and cadmium telluride PV modules has explored. It is revealed that APE value changes the I_SC of PV modules which appeared to have immense possibilities of I_SC correction using APE coefficient. This new approach can be very effective for precise rating the output energy of PV modules under actual outdoor conditions.     

Investigation of individual micrometer-size Kosa particle with on-site combination of electron microscope and synchrotron X-ray microscope.

The Kosa (yellow sand) aerosol affects the global environment as well as human health because it migrates from the interior of China to other areas, absorbing various atmospheric elements. Investigation into individual Kosa aerosol particles, which are submicroscopic to several tens of micrometers in diameter, is required to resolving the issue. We installed a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) on a synchrotron radiation (SR) beam line and introduced the SR beam into the SEM chamber for combinatorial application of SEM-EDX and SR X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) spectrometry to individual particles. It should be noted that detailed topographic observation by SEM and sensitive elemental analysis by SR-XRF, both crucial for individual particle measurement but which previously had to be carried out separately, were jointly performed inside the SEM chamber in this setup. Here, we show that SR-XRF results, in conjunction with SEM images, contributed toward resolving individual particle dispositions. Atmospheric sulfur primarily adheres to calcium in the aerosol particles and the particle surface roughens as a consequence of the chemical reaction between the two elements.