Large Strain Tensile Deformation and Failure in Oriented Isotactic Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposite: Role of Voiding and Molecular Orientation

Plane strain compression of isotactic polypropylene iPP)/clay nanocomposite in a channel die at 140 and 160°C, respectively, has been adopted to prepare oriented samples with well-controlled structure for comparative studies. Molecular orientation in the amorphous phase, independent of clay loadings, decreases with increasing preparation temperature, whereas crystallographic orientation is nearly the same for all oriented samples. Severer voiding and void coalescence during stretching, mostly induced by the crystals and inter-chain sliding in the amorphous phase, respectively, is suggested to be responsible for higher volume dilatation and lower failure strain in the oriented samples prepared at higher temperature (e.g., 160°C). Fracture toughness is well correlated with the molecular orientation and crystal-dependent voiding in the oriented samples with respect to preparation temperatures. Furthermore, debonding of clay in the iPP matrix, especially in the oriented samples prepared at 140°C, is another contributor to the enhanced toughness.     

Investigations on the g factors of the ground and excited states for Cu2+ ions in ZnO crystal

The g factors g _// and g _⊥ of the ground Γ₆(² T ₂) and excited Γ_4,5(² E), Γ₆(² E) states for trigonal Cu²⁺ centres in ZnO crystals are calculated from three theoretical methods, the complete diagonalization (of the energy matrix) method, the second-order perturbation method (PTM-I) and the simplified second-order perturbation method (PTM-II, this method was described in an earlier paper). These methods are based on the cluster approach in which the spin-orbit coupling parameters ζ, ζ′ and the orbital reduction factors k, k′ are calculated from a semi-empirical molecular orbital method. The crystal-field parameters used in the calculations are obtained from the superposition model and so the defect structure of Cu²⁺ centres in ZnO can be acquired. The calculated g factors from the three methods are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values and the defect structure of Cu²⁺ centres in ZnO is acquired. It appears that in some cases the approximate PTM can be applied in the studies of g factors of various states. The conditions that the PTM are ineffective are discussed.     

台湾地区高校基础物理教育见闻和一些感想

值台湾地区2015年物理学年会之际,应新竹清华大学邀请,作者一行4人于2015年1月27日至2015年2月5日赴新竹清华大学观摩物理学年会教育分会,并参观考察了台北东吴大学、新竹清华大学、新竹交通大学、高雄中山大学、台中中兴大学和桃园中央大学等校的物理系物理基础教育的情况.文章就10天来的所见所闻以及对有关问题的深入交流介绍给读者,并谈一下自己的感想,谨供同仁参考.     

OPCOT在Ru(0001)表面上的紫外光电子能谱研究

采用紫外光电子能谱,研究了新型有机发光材料八芳基环辛四烯(OPCOT)在金属Ru(0001)表面上的电子结构,以及它们之间的相互作用.位于费米能级以下43,69,93和114eV处的4个谱峰分别来自于OPCOT材料中苯环的πCC,σCC,σCH和σHH轨道,位于30eV处的谱峰反映了8个苯环聚合后具有π轨道特性的C—C键.OPCOT材料的价带顶位于费米能级以下25eV处,OPCOT材料在Ru(0001)表面上的功函数为395eV.150℃以下,OPCOT材料可以在Ru(0001)表面稳定存在.随温度的升高,OPCOT材料主要以脱附的形式减少 关键词： 八芳基环辛四烯 光电子能谱 价电子结构 脱附     

激光诱导AZ31B镁合金薄板动态响应实验研究

为分析在激光冲击波作用下AZ31B镁合金薄板背面的动态响应,采用聚偏氟乙烯贴片传感器与数字示波器对强激光诱导的冲击波进行测量,得到压电波形,结合冲击波的传播特性,对弹塑性双波的传播规律进行了研究。结果表明：激光诱导的材料动态响应是快速的;压电波形图反映出的弹性前驱波与塑性加载波传播到靶材背面的时间与理论时间相符;弹性前驱波能量小引发的波形振幅较小,紧随着的塑性加载波能量大并引起较大振幅波动,弹塑性双波卸载过程与紧接着的加载过程导致了压电信号的波动振幅提高。     

Preparation,Morphology and Properties of Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate)/Thermoplastic Polyester Elastomer Blends

Poly(trimethylene terephthalate)(PTT)/thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) blends were prepared and their miscibility, crystallization and melting behaviors, phase morphology, dynamic mechanical behavior, rheology behavior, spherulites morphology, and mechanical properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), parallel-plate rotational rheometry, polarized optical microscopy (POM), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), universal tensile tester and impact tester, respectively. The results suggested that PTT and TPEE were partially miscible in the amorphous state, the TPEE rich phase was dispersed uniformly in the solid matrix with a size smaller than 2 μm, and the glass transition temperatures of the blends decreased with increasing TPEE content. The TPEE component had a good effect on toughening the PTT without depressing the tensile strength. The blends had improved melt viscosities for processing. When the blends crystallized from the melt state, the onset crystallization temperature decreased, but they had a faster crystallization rate at low temperatures. All the blends’ melts exhibited a predominantly viscous behavior rather than an elastic behavior, but the melt elasticity increased with increasing TPEE content. When the blends crystallized from the melt, the PTT component could form spherulites but their morphology was imperfect with a small size. The blends had larger storage moduli at low temperatures than that of pure PTT.     

Optical sensing characteristics of the photonic crystal fiber filled with magnetic fluid

A novel photonic crystal fiber sensing theory filled with magnetic fluid is proposed based on the change of the MF refractive index under varied magnetic field. The magnetically induced tuning of the magnetic fluid filled PCF propagation properties were investigated by the full-vector finite element method with a perfectly matched layer. Theoretical calculations show that both the effective refractive index and the effective mode area increase vs. the increased magnetic field, and the PCF filled MF with larger d/Λ is more sensitive to magnetic field. When the wavelength λ = 1550 nm, the duty ratio d/Λ = 0.9, d/Λ = 0.6, the effective refractive indexes increase respectively from 1.598279 to 1.617572, from 1.61948 to 1.632484, and the effective mode areas increase respectively from 3.561115 μm² to 7.052360 μm², from 6.167494 μm² to 37.221998 μm² as the magnetic field changes from 25 Oe to 175 Oe. This scheme provides theoretical foundation to use magnetic field to control light in photonic crystal fiber and also offers a potential method for magnetic field sensing based on the TIR-PCF.     

利用新构建势能面3A研究S(3P)+H2→HS+H反应含时波包量子散射

利用高精度从头算能量点构建三重态³A' 势能面. 单点能计算采用的方法是完全活性空间自洽场和多组态相互作用,计算中所用的基组是aug-cc-pV5Z,并利用多体展开方法结合AP函数形式对所有能量点进行了拟合. 在新构建的势能面基础上,在平动能0.8～2.2 eV进行了含时波包散射计算,计算中同时采用了离心突然近似和紧耦合方法. 另外还对初始振动态ν=0～3(j=0)情况下的总反应几率进行了计算,结果发现初始振动激发对该体系有很大的增强作用.     

Impact of post-injection strategy on the physicochemical properties and reactivity of diesel in-cylinder soot

Post injection has significant benefit in the reduction of diesel soot emissions. Therefore, there is a need to understand the effect of post-injection strategy on soot physicochemical properties and reactivity because they play an important role in soot oxidation process that governs the final soot emissions. This work focuses on the impact of post injection on the physicochemical properties and reactivity of diesel in-cylinder soot using a main plus post injection (M*P) and a single injection (M) strategy. The soot was sampled by a developed total cylinder sampling system, and the dividing points of soot formation-dominant and oxidation-dominant phases were used for studying the impacts of post injection on the characteristics of in-cylinder soot. The physicochemical properties of the soot samples, including primary particle size, nanostructure, carbon chemical state and surface functional groups, were characterized. The soot reactivity was evaluated in terms of peak temperature, burnout temperature and apparent activation energy. In the oxidation-dominant phase, the M*P soot initially possesses smaller primary particle size, shorter fringe length, larger tortuosity, lower sp²/sp³ hybridization ratio of carbon atoms and higher content of aliphatic CH groups than the M soot. The beneficial influence of physicochemical properties on soot reactivity when using post injection is validated by the thermogravimetric data, which shows that the M*P soot is more reactive than the M soot at the onset of the oxidation-dominant phase. In the M*P case, the soot generated from the main-injection combustion has lower reactivity than the soot from the post-injection combustion after they experience the soot formation-dominant phase. The results indicate that the use of post injection leads to in-cylinder soot with physicochemical properties that favor reactivity. The enhancement of reactivity means that the soot will be more readily oxidized in the subsequent combustion process, and consequently contributes to a reduction in final soot emissions.