Precisely Controlled Delivery of Abaloparatide through Injectable Hydrogel to Promote Bone Regeneration

Side‐effects from allograft, limited bone stock, and site morbidity from autograft are the major challenges to traditional bone defect treatments. With the advance of tissue engineering, hydrogel injection therapy is introduced as an alternative treatment. Therapeutic drugs and growth factors can be carried by hydrogels and delivered to patients. Abaloparatide, as an analog of human recombinant parathyroid hormone protein (PTHrp) and an alternative to teriparatide, has been considered as a drug for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis since 2017. Since only limited cases of receiving abaloparatide with polymeric scaffolds have been reported, the effects of abaloparatide on pre‐osteoblast MC3T3‐E1 are investigated in this study. It is found that in vitro abaloparatide treatment can promote pre‐osteoblast MC3T3‐E1 cells’ viability, differentiation, and mineralization significantly. For the drug delivery system, 3D porous structure of the methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel is found effective for prolonging the release of abaloparatide (more than 10 days). Therefore, injectable photo‐crosslinked GelMA hydrogel is used in this study to prolong the release of abaloparatide and to promote healing of defected bones in rats. Overall, data collected in this study show no contradiction and imply that Abaloparatide‐loaded GelMA hydrogel is effective in stimulating bone regeneration.     

High repetition rate Q-switched microchip Nd:YVO4 laser with pulse duration as short as 1.1 ns

We have demonstrated a compact and an efficient passively Q-switched microchip Nd:YVO₄ laser by using a composite semiconductor absorber as well as an output coupler. The composite semiconductor absorber was composed of an LT (low-temperature grown) In_0.25Ga_0.75As absorber and a pure GaAs absorber. To our knowledge, it was the first demonstration of the special absorber for Q-switching operation of microchip lasers. Laser pulses with durations of 1.1 ns were generated with a 350 μm thick laser crystal and the repetition rate of the pulses was as high as 4.6 MHz. The average output power was 120 mW at the pump power of 700 mW. Pulse duration can be varied from 1.1 to 15.7 ns by changing the cavity length from 0.45 to 5 mm. Pulses with duration of 1.67 and 2.41 ns were also obtained with a 0.7 mm thick laser crystal and a 1 mm thick laser crystal, respectively.     

Spin texture and magnetoroton excitations at nu=1/3

Neutral spin texture (ST) excitations at nu=1/3 are directly observed for the first time by resonant inelastic light scattering. They are determined to involve two simultaneous spin flips. At low magnetic fields, the ST energy is below that of the magnetoroton minimum. With increasing in-plane magnetic field these mode energies cross at a critical ratio of the Zeeman and Coulomb energies of eta(c)=0.020+/-0.001. Surprisingly, the intensity of the ST mode grows with temperature in the range in which the magnetoroton modes collapse. The temperature dependence is interpreted in terms of a competition between coexisting phases supporting different excitations. We consider the role of the ST excitations in activated transport at nu=1/3.     

Optical channel waveguides with trapezoidal-shaped cross sections in KTiOPO4 crystal fabricated by ion implantation

Optical channel waveguides were fabricated in KTiOPO₄ crystal by He⁺-ion implantation using photoresist masks with wedged-shaped cross sections. Semi-closed barrier walls with reduced refractive indices inside the crystal constructed the enclosed regions to be channel waveguides with trapezoidal-shaped cross sections. The m-line as well as end-fire coupling arrangements were performed to characterize the waveguides with light at wavelength of 632.8 nm. The propagation loss of the channel waveguides was determined to be as low as ∼2 dB/cm after simple post-irradiation thermal annealing treatment in air.     

Energetics of a strongly correlated Fermi gas

The energy of the two-component Fermi gas with the s-wave contact interaction is a simple linear functional of its momentum distribution:

     

Improved thermal model and its application in UV high-power pulsed laser ablation of metal target

An improved thermal model describing UV high-power nanosecond laser ablation of metal target is presented. The vaporization effect, the plasma shielding effect, as well as the absorption coefficient and absorptivity dependence of temperature are considered in this model. Take iron target as an example, the numerical solutions are obtained from the heat flow equations (before and after melting) using a finite difference method. The space and time dependence of temperature of the target, the time dependence of temperature at two different positions for a certain laser fluence, and the ablation rate as a function of laser fluence are also presented. The numerical results that agreed well with the experimental data are much better than the one without, which indicates that the above two effects and the temperature dependence of absorption coefficient and absorptivity in UV high-power laser ablation of metal target should not be neglected. We hope the present model will be useful for further experimental investigation of metal thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition.     

四频差动激光陀螺工作点的选择

当四频差动激光陀螺工作于增益曲线上左、右旋陀螺比例因子相等位置时,误差因素在拍频的差动中得到较好的抵消,因而具有较优的性能。为了从实验上寻找该最佳工作点,对四频差动激光陀螺拍频表达式进行了分析,发现静态下和频的电压扫描曲线呈抛物线变化,而且当左、右旋陀螺比例因子相等时,和频的电压扫描曲线处于转折点。设计了实验通过和频电压扫描曲线得到了理论最佳工作点,在不同工作点下对陀螺进行测试,根据其零偏稳定性随工作点的变化趋势,得到了实测最佳工作点。对某型5个陀螺的多次实验表明,由和频电压扫描曲线得到的理论最佳工作点与实测最佳工作点基本一致,最大误差2Hz。该方法可作为四频陀螺选择最佳工作点的参考方法。     

离焦激光直写的线宽稳定方法

为了提高激光直写加工衍射光学元件时的线条质量,提出一种离焦激光直写的线宽稳定方法.该方法通过同时调节激光功率和离焦量,使光刻胶的曝光阈值处于线宽对曝光量的变化率较小位置,从而可以弱化线宽对实际曝光量或光刻胶阈值等变化的敏感度,提高利用离焦方法进行衍射光学元件制作时的线宽稳定性.推导了稳定线宽后的光功率控制模型和线宽模型,模型中的变量仅为离焦量,降低了光功率控制的复杂性.利用632.8 nm的He-Ne激光和NA-0.1的物镜在CCD上对采用该方法后的离焦线宽模型进行验证,实验结果与理论模型吻合较好.该方法对于线宽稳定度较高的衍射光学元件制作具有重要价值.     

Chiral Algebras of (0, 2) Models: Beyond Perturbation Theory

We show that the chiral algebras of ${\mathcal{N} = (0, 2)}$ sigma models with no left-moving fermions are totally trivialized by worldsheet instantons for flag manifold target spaces. Consequently, supersymmetry is spontaneously broken in these models. Our results affirm Stolz’s idea (Stolz in Math Ann 304(4):785–800, 1996) that there are no harmonic spinors on the loop spaces of flag manifolds. Moreover, they also imply that the kernels of certain twisted Dirac operators on these target spaces will be empty under a quantum deformation of their geometries.     

TD-ERCS离散混沌伪随机序列的复杂性分析

采用相空间直接观察法和行为复杂性算法,系统地分析了新型TD-ERCS离散混沌系统产生的伪随机序列的复杂性,得出了其复杂性变化规律.在Kolmogorov复杂性基础上,应用经典的Limpel-Ziv算法,ApEn算法和PE算法,从一维时间序列到多维相空间重构两方面计算了TD-ERCS离散混沌伪随机序列的复杂度大小.计算结果表明,TD-ERCS系统的行为复杂性高,而且该系统的复杂性大小随系统参数改变的变化范围小,是一个复杂性非常稳定的全域性离散混沌系统,其产生的混沌伪随机序列适合于信息加密或扩频通信. 关键词： 混沌 混沌伪随机序列 TD-ERCS系统 复杂度