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981.
The underlying mechanisms of stability, metastability, or instability of the Cassie-Baxter and Wenzel wetting modes and their transitions on superhydrophobic surfaces decorated with periodic micropillars are quantitatively studied in this article. Hydraulic pressure, which may be generated by the water-air interfacial tension of water droplets or external factors such as raining impact, is shown to be a key to understanding these mechanisms. A detailed transition process driven by increasing hydraulic pressure is numerically simulated. The maximum sustainable or critical pressure of the Cassie-Baxter wetting state on a pillarlike microstructural surface is formulated for the first time in a simple, unified, and precise form. This analytic result reveals the fact that reducing the microstructural scales (e.g., the pillars' diameters and spacing) is probably the most efficient measure needed to enlarge the critical pressure significantly. We also introduce a dimensionless parameter, the pillar slenderness ratio, to characterize the stability of either the Cassie-Baxter or the Wenzel wetting state and show that the energy barrier for transitioning from the Cassie-Baxter to the Wenzel wetting mode is proportional to both the slenderness ratio and the area fraction. Thus, the Cassie-Baxter wetting mode may collapse under a hydraulic pressure lower than the critical one if the slenderness ratio is improperly small. This quantitative study explains fairly well some experimental observations of contact angles that can be modeled by neither Wenzel nor Cassie-Baxter contact angles and eventually leads to our proposals for a mixed (or coexisting) wetting mode. 相似文献
982.
随着信息技术的高速发展,每条数据所包含的信息越来越丰富,使得数据不可避免地含有异常值,且随着维数的增加,异常值出现的可能性更大。传统的主成分聚类分析对异常值特別敏感,基于MCD估计的主成分聚类方法虽然对异常值具有防御作用,但是在高维数据下MCD估计的偏差过大,其稳健性显著降低,而且当维数大于观测值个数时MCD估计失效。为此本文提出了基于MRCD估计的稳健主成分聚类方法,数值模拟和实证分析表明,基于MRCD估计的主成分聚类分析的效果优于传统的主成分聚类分析和基于MCD估计的主成分聚类分析,尤其是在维数大于样本观测值的情况下,MRCD估计更为有效。 相似文献
983.
984.
985.
In this paper, we aim to investigate the difference equation
\begin{align*}
\Delta^{2}y(t-1)+|y(t)|=0, \ \ \ \ \ t\in[1,T]_{\mathbb{Z}}
\end{align*}
with different boundary conditions $y(0)=0$ or $\Delta y(0)=0$ and $y(T+1)=B$ or $\Delta y(T)=B$,\ where\ $T\geq 1$ is an integer and $B\in\mathbb{R}$. We will show that how the values of $T$ and $B$ influence the existence and uniqueness of the solutions to the about problem. In details, for the different problems, the $TB$-plane explicitly divided into different parts according to the number of the solutions to the above problems. These parts of $TB$-plane for the value of $T$ and $B$ guarantee the uniqueness, the existence and the nonexistence of solutions respectively. 相似文献
986.
987.
988.
H. Sun Y. Ma J. Zhang H. Zheng S. Zhou Y. Liu S. Wen G. Li G. Yuan C. Yang 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1995,352(2):115-116
The yrast band in the doubly odd156Tm nucleus was studied through144Sm(19F,2p5n)156Tm reaction at beam energy of 105MeV. Several high-spin states of156Tm were identified and the highest spin of the band with configuration7/2–[523] v1/2+[660] could be built up to spin 25. The level structure shows the onset of a non- or weak collectivity which generally appears at neutron number of 87 in neutron-deficient rare-earth nuclei.This work was supported in part by the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation and the Natural Science Fund of China. 相似文献
989.
K. W. Cheah L. C. Ho J. B. Xia J. Li W. H. Zheng W. R. Zhuang Q. M. Wang 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1995,60(6):601-606
Photoluminescence studies on porous silicon show that there are luminescence centers present in the surface states. By taking photoluminescence spectra of porous silicon with respect to temperature, a distinct peak can be observed in the temperature range 100–150 K. Both linear and nonlinear relationships were observed between excitation laser power and the photoluminescence intensity within this temperature range. In addition, there was a tendency for the photoluminescence peak to red shift at low temperature as well as at low excitation power. This is interpreted as indicating that the lower energy transition becomes dominant at low temperature and excitation power. The presence of these luminescence centers can be explained in terms of porous silicon as a mixture of silicon clusters and wires in which quantum confinement along with surface passivation would cause a mixing of andX band structure between the surface states and the bulk. This mixing would allow the formation of luminescence centers. 相似文献
990.
J. N. Spencer Jarusha DeGarmo I. M. Paul Qing He Xiaoming Ke Zhenqing Wu C. H. Yoder Shuyun Chen J. E. Mihalick 《Journal of solution chemistry》1995,24(6):601-609
Calorimetric studies of the inclusion complexes of straight and branched alcohols and of diols with alpha-cyclodextrin (-CD) have been carried out in water solvent. The data suggest that straight and branched chain alcohols enter the cavity of -CD alkyl end first. The hydroxyl group hydrogen bonds to the outer oxygen ring of the cyclodextrin. For branched chain alcohols the longer alkyl part of the molecule penetrates the -CD cavity up to the hydroxyl group. Diols form two hydrogen bonds to the outer oxygen ring of the cyclodextrin with some penetration into its interior. 相似文献