生物质裂解产物的制备及HPLC检测其成分的虚拟仿真实验开发

In order to improve university laboratory teaching and practical education under the background of information technology, as well as overcome the difficulty for practical training, develop a virtual simulation experiment platform for rapid pyrolysis of natal materials and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) detection of its components. The experiment integrates the actual operation process of the plant to produce cleaved products by rapid pyrolysis of biomass with HPLC detection. The virtual experiment is divided into biomass sample pretreatment, rapid biomass pyrolysis, bio-oil extraction, and HPLC determination of complex components, making the biomass cleavage workshop "real" through simulation. This virtual simulation experiment fully integrates the utilization of biomass resources and basic chemistry courses (such as organic chemistry, instrumental analysis, chemical engineering principles, etc.), which are widely involved in agricultural and forestry majors with advantageous characteristics value.     

An efficient way to 1,7-enynes and ethyl 8-yn-2-enoates from aldohexoses and to polyhydroxylated 1-vinylcyclohexenes

In this paper, we report the synthesis of carbohydrate-derived 1,7-enynes and subsequent metathesis to yield polyhydroxylated 1-vinylcyclohexenes. For example, we converted D-glucose 2 to the (6,7)-dideoxy-D-gluco-hept-6-ene-pyranose 7, which led to the desired 1,7-enyne 16. The ring-closing metathesis of this 1,7-enyne 16 with the second generation Grubbs catalyst, under Mori's conditions, gave the corresponding polyhydroxylated 1-vinylcyclohexene 25 in 76% yield. The conversion of several aldohexoses into polyhydroxylated 1-vinylcyclohexenes was carried out with satisfying yields. We report also the synthesis of two carbohydrate-derived ethyl 8-yn-2-enoates from D-glucose derivatives.     

Engineered protein cages for nanomaterial synthesis

Self-assembled particles of genetically engineered human L subunit ferritin expressing a silver-binding peptide were used as nanocontainers for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The inner cavity of the self-assembled protein cage displays a dodecapeptide that is capable of reducing silver ions to metallic silver. This chimeric protein cage when incubated in the presence of silver nitrate exhibits the growth of a silver nanocrystal within its cavity. Our studies indicate that it is possible to design chimeric cages, using specific peptide templates, for the growth of other inorganic nanoparticles.     

Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polyamide 6

The non-isothermal crystallization behaviors of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)/polyamide 6 (PA6) composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Three methods, namely, Avrami, Ozawa and Mo, were carried out to analyze the non-isothermal crystallization data. The results showed that the MWNTs in PA6 acted as effective nucleation agents. However the crystallization rate of composites obtained was lower than that of the neat PA6. It is indicated that the presence of MWNTs influenced the mechanism of nucleation and the growth of PA6 crystallites.     

Efficient dehalogenation of polyhalomethanes and production of strong acids in aqueous environments: water-catalyzed O--H-insertion and HI-elimination reactions of isodiiodomethane (CH2I-I) with water

A combined experimental and theoretical study of the ultraviolet photolysis of CH2I2 in water is reported. Ultraviolet photolysis of low concentrations of CH2I2 in water was experimentally observed to lead to almost complete conversion into CH2(OH)2 and 2HI products. Picosecond time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy experiments in mixed water/acetonitrile solvents (25%-75% water) showed that appreciable amounts of isodiiodomethane (CH2I-I) were formed within several picoseconds and the decay of the CH2I-I species became substantially shorter with increasing water concentration, suggesting that CH2I-I may be reacting with water. Ab initio calculations demonstrate the CH2I-I species is able to react readily with water via a water-catalyzed O--H-insertion and HI-elimination reaction followed by its CH2I(OH) product undergoing a further water-catalyzed HI-elimination reaction to make a H2C=O product. These HI-elimination reactions produce the two HI leaving groups observed experimentally and the H2C=O product further reacts with water to produce the other final CH2(OH)2 product observed in the photochemistry experiments. These results suggest that CH2I-I is the species that reacts with water to produce the CH2(OH)2 and 2HI products seen in the photochemistry experiments. The present study demonstrates that ultraviolet photolysis of CH2I2 at low concentration leads to efficient dehalogenation and release of multiple strong acid (HI) leaving groups. Some possible ramifications for the decomposition of polyhalomethanes and halomethanols in aqueous environments as well as the photochemistry of polyhalomethanes in the natural environment are briefly discussed.     

Synthesis of the Biomimetic Polymer： Aliphatic Diamine and RGDS Modified Poly（d,l-lactic acid）

A novel poly（d, /-lactic acid） （PDLLA） based biomimetic polymer was synthesized by grafting maleic anhydride, butanediamine and arg-gly-asp-ser （RGDS） peptides onto the backbone of PDLLA, aiming to overcome the acidity and auto-accelerating degradation of PDLLA during degradation and to improve its biospecificity and biocompatibility. The synthetic copolymer was characterized by FTIR, ^13C NMR and amino acid analyzer （AAA）.     

毛细管电泳法研究提取剂对黄连-黄柏共煎剂中生物碱含量的影响

用毛细管电泳法,对黄连与黄柏配伍后共煎剂中的主要生物碱进行了分析。以50 mmol/L Na2B4O7(pH=7)-CH3OH(85:15,V/V)为背景电解质,操作电压为14 kV,电迁移进样10 kV×5s,柱上223 nm检测,5种主要生物碱9 min内可在50 cm×75μm毛细管上实现基线分离。以小檗碱、巴马汀的提取量为指标,分析了提取剂对提取效果的影响。以30％的乙醇水溶液为提取剂,可得到最大煎出量。     

高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定瓜子中的4-氨基丁酸

在众多的氨基酸中，4-氨基丁酸是一种非蛋白质类氨基酸，它在医学上是一种抑制性神经递质，由于其自身的特点，一些常规的直接测定法灵敏度较低。尽管对其测定有较多报道，但采用柱前衍生的分离测定的报道相对较少，且测定结果不很理想。本实验采用新型荧光试剂咔唑-9-乙基氯甲酸酯(CEOC)作为衍生试剂在Hyperil C18柱上分离测定了4-氨基丁酸(GABA)。结果表明，所建立的方法简单、快速，灵敏度高。     

Uniformity of ionization response of structurally diverse analytes using a chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization source

The major drawback of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) for the analysis of mixtures is the non-quantitative nature of these studies. The ionization efficiency of the various components in the mixture (e.g., a compound and its metabolites) can vary greatly and, therefore, relative intensities of signals cannot be related to relative abundance. A chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization source was used to compare the ionization efficiencies of compounds with different physical-chemical characteristics. The data indicate that the ionization efficiencies vary much less with the chip-based device than by LC/MS. This was ascribed to the generation of a much higher electric field around the nozzles, which supplies a large excess of protons to the small droplets and reduces/eliminates the differences in the ionization efficiency for the analytes.     

Core/shell particles containing 3-(methacryloxypropyl)-trimethoxysilane in the shell: synthesis, characterization, and application

In comparison to the corresponding single-component counterparts, core/shell particles are widely used due to their better physical and chemical properties. The surface properties of core/shell particles evidently play an important role in the process of application. It is easy to deduce that surface properties mostly depend on the properties of the component in the shell. Therefore, desirable materials of shell are very significant for the study of composite materials, especially in core/shell field. It is well known that polysiloxane has excellent properties, such as the water repellency, high flexibility, low surface energy, and biocompatibility. Its application, however, is limited due to poor cohesiveness and poor film-forming properties. Recently, much endeavor has been made to overcome such flaws. It is found that polyacrylate is commonly considered for its good cohesiveness and excellent film-forming property. The combination of polysiloxane and polyacrylate has been shown to be important in the composite material field, especially as core/shell particles. Unfortunately, their hydrophobicity is considerably different and thus, the core/shell particles consisting of polyacrylate (PA)/polysiloxane (PSi) are hard to prepare by general seeded emulsion polymerization, and are also scarcely available in the literature. In this study, the new core/shell PA/PSi particles with poly(butyl methacrylate) (PA) as the core and poly(3-(methacryloxypropyl)-trimethoxysilane) (PSi) as the shell were prepared by dispersion polymerization under the kinetically controlled conditions. The characterization of the particles by TEM, DSC, particle size analyzer as well as static contact angle confirmed the formation of core/shell structure. The application of core/shell (PA/PSi) particles also has been considered and discussed here.TEM micrographs of core/shell (PA/PSi) particles.