光学薄膜鲁棒设计中膜系误差灵敏度控制

提出了一种基于膜系误差灵敏度控制的鲁棒膜系设计方法,建立了鲁棒膜系设计评价函数在膜层参数误差统计分布下的解析表达式,避免统计样本数目有限性造成的样本均值与总体期望的误差,以及过大数目样本造成的长的计算时间消耗,并通过宽带增透膜、中性分光膜和线性透射率滤光片等多种薄膜的鲁棒设计实验证实了其在膜层参数误差控制上的效果。结果表明：该新型鲁棒膜系设计方法具有内在的快速算法特性,其设计膜系对镀膜中的膜厚监控误差不敏感,对于高质量薄膜的重复制备和批量成品率的提高具有实用价值。     

多丝正比室视差效应改善方法

通过模拟研究,找到了一种采用非均匀电极高压来改善探测器视差效应的方法;考察了该方法对多丝正比室的电子收集效率、增益一致性等性能的影响。结果表明:该方法可以显著减小探测器的视差效应,不会影响探测器的电子收集效率,引起的阳极丝增益一致性的变化也基本不会对探测器的总体性能造成影响。     

基于飞行时间技术的PET发展历史与现状

简要介绍了基于飞行时间（Time of Flight, 简称TOF）技术的正电子发射断层扫描成像（Positron Emission Tomography, 简称PET）的基本原理, 回顾了TOF-PET成像设备的发展历史, 讨论了影响TOF PET时间分辨率的主要因素, 并对TOF-PET给图像重建技术带来的挑战进行了分析。 最后, 重点介绍了TOF-PET技术所带来的优势, 使用TOF技术可以有效地改善图像质量, 并且为临床诊断和临床前研究带来便利。 The principle of time of flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) and a brief review of the history of TOF-PET are introduced. The factors influencing the time resolution of a TOF-PET scanner are presented, especially focus on the intrinsic properties of scintillators and front end electronics. Challenges and achievements of the structure of data organization and image reconstruction are reviewed. Finally, the benefits of TOF-PET on image quality improvement and tumor detection are emphasized.     

RRLC测定葡萄籽超临界CO2萃取液中的原花青素

用高分离度快速分离液相色谱法测定超临界葡萄籽萃取液中原花青素含量。色谱柱:ZorbaxXDB C18(4.6mm×50mm,1.8μm),柱温:40℃;流动相:1.5%乙酸甲醇-1.5%乙酸水(90:10,V/V);检测波长:280nm;进样量:5μL,流速:0.9mL/min。原花青素在0.60—3.6mg/mL(R2=0.9997)范围内峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系,平均加标回收率为100.6%,RSD=1.07%(n=6)。方法简单、快速、准确、可靠,为原花青素含量测定提供一种新选择。     

Eigenspace-based minimum variance beamformer combined with Wiener postfilter for medical ultrasound imaging

In this paper, a new beamformer which combines the eigenspace-based minimum variance (ESBMV) beamformer with the Wiener postfilter is proposed for medical ultrasound imaging. The primary goal of this work is to further improve the medical ultrasound imaging quality on the basis of the ESBMV beamformer. In this method, we optimize the ESBMV weights with a Wiener postfilter. With the optimization of the Wiener postfilter, the output power of the new beamformer becomes closer to the actual signal power at the imaging point than the ESBMV beamformer. Different from the ordinary Wiener postfilter, the output signal and noise power needed in calculating the Wiener postfilter are estimated respectively by the orthogonal signal subspace and noise subspace constructed from the eigenstructure of the sample covariance matrix.We demonstrate the performance of the new beamformer when resolving point scatterers and cyst phantom using both simulated data and experimental data and compare it with the delay-and-sum (DAS), the minimum variance (MV) and the ESBMV beamformer. We use the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the peak-side-lobe level (PSL) to quantify the performance of imaging resolution and the contrast ratio (CR) to quantify the performance of imaging contrast. The FWHM of the new beamformer is only 15%, 50% and 50% of those of the DAS, MV and ESBMV beamformer, while the PSL is 127.2 dB, 115 dB and 60 dB lower. What is more, an improvement of 239.8%, 232.5% and 32.9% in CR using simulated data and an improvement of 814%, 1410.7% and 86.7% in CR using experimental data are achieved compared to the DAS, MV and ESBMV beamformer respectively. In addition, the effect of the sound speed error is investigated by artificially overestimating the speed used in calculating the propagation delay and the results show that the new beamformer provides better robustness against the sound speed errors. Therefore, the proposed beamformer offers a better performance than the DAS, MV and ESBMV beamformer, showing its potential in medical ultrasound imaging.     

Analysis of signal-to-noise ratio and heterodyne efficiency for reference-beam laser Doppler velocimeter

Heterodyne efficiency is a very important factor in a laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV). Gaussian-Airy mode is put forward to analyze the heterodyne efficiency. By studying the distribution of the optical field, the mathematic expression and simulation results of heterodyne efficiency are given under the conditions of both exact match and mismatch. The results of numerical analysis show that heterodyne efficiency of LDV depends on Gaussian beam's parameter Q, detector's parameter X₀, angle of collimation mismatching θ_a, parameter of offset mismatching X_a and the radius of curvature of the reference beam on the detector R(z). Heterodyne efficiency can reach 83.39% when Q=4.15×10^?7, X₀=6.1×10^?7, θ_a=X_a=0, R(z)=∞. But it declines to 0.5 when Fθ_a enhances to 0.28. It decreases with the increment of the offset X_a and the diminishment of the radius of curvature R(z). Results of experiment are in good accordance with the theoretical analysis.     

Phase retardation measurement by analyzing flipping points of polarization states in laser with an anisotropy feedback cavity

Phase retardation of wave plate is measured by analyzing flipping points of polarization states. Measured result and system error are analyzed. Nonlinearity of piezoelectric ceramic is an important error source. The nonlinearity is measured with an interferometer based on microchip Nd:YAG laser feedback phenomenon. The measured system of phase retardation, in this paper, is calibrated to the frequency splitting system. The accuracy of the system is improved. The measurement repeatability is better than 0.12° and the accuracy is better than 0.22°. This paper has a very important significance for wave plate high precision manufacture.     

Synthesis and characterization of chemically anchored adenosine with PHEMA grafted gold nanoparticles

The synthesis of chemically anchored adenosine with biocompatible poly(2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate) grafted gold nanoparticles (Ado-i-PHEMA-g-AuNPs) was realized by employing a simple strategy. Disulfide-containing poly(2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate) (DT-PHEMA) was initially synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The formation of DT-PHEMA was confirmed by ¹H-NMR and FT-IR. The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution were found to be 9.6 kg/mol and 1.40 from GPC analysis. DT-PHEMA was subsequently used for the synthesis of PHEMA-g-AuNPs by a grafting to protocol. The grafting of DT-PHEMA on the surface of AuNPs was confirmed by FT-IR, TGA, XPS, and EDX analyses. The particle size of the PHEMA-g-AuNPs was found to be ca. 5.0 nm from HR-TEM analysis. Boronic acid was used for functionalization of PHEMA-g-AuNPs, which was then subjected for covalent immobilization with adenosine via strong interaction between free hydroxyl groups of adenosine and boronic acid. Characterization and properties of the Ado-i-PHEMA-g-AuNPs were investigated by taking advantage from FT-IR, XPS, EDX, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The Ado-i-PHEMA-g-AuNPs nanocomposite exhibits a surface plasmon resonance peak at 586 nm which is red shifted from AuNPs (521 nm), indicating significant changes of surface property upon PHEMA-adenosine immobilization onto the surface of AuNPs.     

Delayed range-gating super-resolution imaging lidar with high accuracy

We present a range-gating delayed detection super-resolution imaging lidar with high accuracy based on the signal intensities of three consecutive delay samples. The system combines the range and signal intensity information from multi-pulse detections to calculate the pulse peak position under the assumption of a Gaussian pulse shape. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm effectively calculates pulse peak position and exhibits excellent accuracy with super-resolution. Accuracy analysis shows that accuracy is best improved by enhancing signal-to-noise ratio, strategically selecting samples, reducing pulse width, and appropriately choosing the delayed periods between samples.     

薄膜光学参数表征误差处理技术

针对光度测量数据中难以消除的系统误差对薄膜光学参数表征精度的负面影响,提出一种新型的误差处理技术。选取薄膜光谱系数对折射率和几何厚度的一阶偏导数,对大部分测量入射角满足符号相反或只有其中一个为零的条件的波段,剔除偏导数对全部测量入射角满足符号相同或同时为零条件的奇点波长附近波段,作为反演表征用的光度测量数据采集区域,以最小化光度测量系统误差引起的薄膜光学参数反演表征值相对真实值的偏差大小。通过数值模拟实验,对比研究了该技术对不同偏振光和不同测量入射角范围的适用性及实施技巧,以可复现的数值实验数据和合理的理论解释支持和验证了这种误差处理技术的可靠性。