量子计算机

简要介绍了量子计算机的基本概念及实验方案。     

基于气压控制的单谱线4.3 μm空芯光纤HBr激光器

基于空芯光纤（HCF）的气体激光器是实现中红外激光输出的一种有效手段,一般情况下,跃迁选择定则决定一条泵浦吸收谱线对应两条激射跃迁谱线。通过气压控制的方法实现了单一谱线的4.3μm单程结构HCF HBr激光器。以自研的1958 nm连续波高功率窄线宽掺铥光纤放大器为泵浦源,泵浦一段5 m长、充低压HBr气体的反共振HCF,通过气压控制分别实现了同位素H⁷⁹Br和H⁸¹Br单一谱线4.3μm的激光输出,最大激光功率为350 mW,总的光光转换效率约为8%。利用自行搭建的光纤扫描装置测量了输出激光光斑,结果表明其是一种基模。     

三维数值仿真研究锗硅异质结双极晶体管总剂量效应

为探索锗硅异质结双极晶体管(SiGe HBT)总剂量效应的损伤机理,采用半导体器件三维模拟工具(TCAD),建立电离辐照总剂量效应损伤模型,分析比较电离辐射在SiGe HBT不同氧化层结构的不同位置引入陷阱电荷缺陷后,器件正向Gummel特性和反向Gummel特性的退化特征,获得SiGe HBT总剂量效应损伤规律,并与⁶⁰Coγ辐照实验进行对比.结果表明:总剂量辐照在SiGe HBT器件中引入的氧化物陷阱正电荷主要在pn结附近的Si/SiO₂界面处产生影响,引起pn结耗尽区的变化,带来载流子复合增加,最终导致基极电流增大、增益下降;其中EB Spacer氧化层中产生的陷阱电荷主要影响正向Gummel特性,而LOCOS隔离氧化层中的陷阱电荷则是造成反向Gummel特性退化的主要因素.通过数值模拟分析获得的SiGe HBT总剂量效应损伤规律与不同偏置下⁶⁰Coγ辐照实验的结论符合得较好.     

金属蒸汽中的激光维持爆震波

 应用我们发展的一个激光与金属蒸汽相互作用的简化物理模型对激光维持爆震波的点火激励、传播规律作了数值研究并取得了较好的结果。计算得到的LSD波阈值与激光脉宽的关系表现出典型的幂规律I_th∝τ^-1/2。此外，还得到了一些关于LSD波屏蔽效应的有益结果。在LSD波充分发展的阶段，LSD波阵面的光学厚度可达5~10的量级，这表明LSD波具有很强的屏蔽作用。     

强激光对铜反射镜的热破坏效应

本文给出了一个激光对光学材料表面热破坏效应的简化物理模型及数值研究结果。所得到的铜反射镜热破坏阈值与激光脉宽的关系与实验和理论符合很好。提出了反射镜后表面外冷却临界厚度的概念,并得到一个关于多脉冲积累效应的幂定标关系。     

Mo-X(B, C, N, O, F)共掺杂TiO2体系的光催化协同效应研究

采用密度泛函理论平面波超软赝势方法, 计算并分析了Mo/X(B, C, N, O, F)共掺杂TiO₂体系的形成能、电子结构和光学性质, 研究了共掺杂协同效应对于计算体系光催化性能的影响机制. 首先计算出不同掺杂体系的态密度及能带结构, 利用能带理论分析了共掺杂效应对于禁带宽度的调控作用, 进而分析了共掺杂对TiO₂光催化能力和稳定性的协同作用. 结合电荷密度图, 分析原子间的电荷转移情况, 得到计算体系中各原子成键状态. 最后, 结合光吸收谱线分析得出Mo/C共掺杂类型在调制TiO₂体系中可见光波段的光催化性能上优势明显, 在催化作用上表现出协同效应. 本文的理论研究对共掺杂方法在TiO₂光催化领域有着一定的指导意义.     

Effective mechanism for social recommendation of news

Recommender systems represent an important tool for news distribution on the Internet. In this work we modify a recently proposed social recommendation model in order to deal with no explicit ratings of users on news. The model consists of a network of users which continually adapts in order to achieve an efficient news traffic. To optimize the network’s topology we propose different stochastic algorithms that are scalable with respect to the network’s size. Agent-based simulations reveal the features and the performance of these algorithms. To overcome the resultant drawbacks of each method we introduce two improved algorithms and show that they can optimize the network’s topology almost as fast and effectively as other not-scalable methods that make use of much more information.     

Amphiphilic Core–Shell Nanocomposite Particles for Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A scalable synthesis of magnetic core–shell nanocomposite particles, acting as a novel class of magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents, has been developed. Each nanocomposite particle consists of a biocompatible chitosan shell and a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) core where multiple aggregated γ‐Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles are confined within the hydrophobic core. Properties of the nanocomposite particles including their chemical structure, particle size, size distribution, and morphology, as well as crystallinity of the magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic properties were systematically characterized. Their potential application as an MR contrast agent has been evaluated. Results show that the nanocomposite particles have good stability in biological media and very low cytotoxicity in both L929 mouse fibroblasts (normal cells) and HeLa cells (cervical cancer cells). They also exhibited excellent MR imaging performance with a T₂ relaxivity of up to 364 mM_Fe^?1 s^?1. An in vivo MR test performed on a naked mouse bearing breast tumor indicates that the nanocomposite particles can localize in both normal liver and tumor tissues. These results suggest that the magnetic core–shell nanocomposite particles are an efficient, inexpensive and safe T₂‐weighted MR contrast agent for both liver and tumor MR imaging in cancer therapy.     

Deterministic Generation of Quantum State Transfer Between Spatially Separated Single Molecule Magnets

We propose a new scheme for realizing deterministic quantum state transfer （QST） between two spatially separated single molecule magnets （SMMs） with the framework of cavity quantum eleetrodynamics （QED）. In the present scheme, two SMMs are trapped in two spatially separated optical cavities coupled by an optical fiber. Through strictly numerically simulating, we demonstrate that our scheme is robust with respect to the SMMs＇ spontaneous decay and fiber loss under the conditions of dispersive SMMs-field interaction and strong coupling of cavity fiber. In addition, we also discuss the influence of photon leakage out of cavities and show that our proposal is good enough to demonstrate the generation of QST with high fidelity utilizing the current experimental technology. The present investigation provides research opportunities for realizing QST between solid-state qubits and may result in a substantial impact on the progress of solid-state-based quantum communications network.     

蛋白质分子三维结构能量优化途径的选择

NMR方法是研究溶液中蛋白质的三维结构的重要手段,本文以BUSH ⅡA为例,对用度量矩阵距离几何法获得的初始三维结构进行了能量优化,主要探讨了蛋白质分子三维结构能量优化途径的选择问题.本文把优化过程分为三个阶段,分别采用不同的优化方式,使分子结构得到优化,对于分子量在8000左右的蛋白质而言,本方法能够获得较好符合核磁实验约束条件的分子低能构象.