Si100P2.5（GaP）1.5中随机孔洞对热电性能的影响

纯硅由于原材料来源广、熔点高,是潜在的太阳能热发电用热电材料.它的热电绩效因子ZT很小,室温只有0.01.本研究小组通过掺杂和结构纳米化制备了Si₁₀₀P_2.5（GaP）_1.5,获得813℃时的ZT为0.47.本文在此基础上,通过引入一种新的机制——随机孔洞——来进一步提高纯硅基材料Si₁₀₀P_2.5（GaP）_1.5的ZT.结果表明:由于孔洞增加了对低能载流子的过滤,Seebeck系数得到了提高;又由于孔洞对主要携带热量的声子的散射,晶格热导率大大降低,结果Si₁₀₀P_2.5（GaP）_1.5的ZT提高了32%.研究结果表明引入随机孔洞是增加纯硅基体系ZT的有效途径.     

Modeling fatigue of ascending stair evacuation with modified fine discrete floor field cellular automata

Fatigue even increases the complexity of the pedestrian dynamics which is regarded as a kind of nonlinear system, and might have a significant negative impact on the crowd evacuation. However, it has never been investigated completely and properly. Thus, the fine discrete floor field cellular automata model is modified by integrating the fatigue function to explore the influence of fatigue on the crowd ascending evacuation. The simulation fits well with the empirical data and the observations quantitatively and qualitatively, indicating the model captures the main features of evacuation considering fatigue impact. As a prediction, without merging streams, compared with the case of walking in constant speed, when fatigue is considered, it takes 71.4% longer for all persons to enter the stairs and 87.2% longer to evacuate. With merging streams, fatigue has little impact on the inflow, while it makes the total evacuation time 84.2% longer.     

InGaZnO薄膜晶体管泄漏电流模型

研究了非晶氧化锌镓铟薄膜晶体管(amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistor,InGaZnO TFT)的泄漏电流模型.基于Poole-Frenkel热发射效应和热离子场致发射效应的泄漏电流产生机制,分别得到了高电场和低电场条件下的载流子产生-复合率.在此基础上推导得到了InGaZnO TFT的分段式泄漏电流-电压数学模型,并利用平滑函数得到了关断区和亚阈区连续统一的泄漏电流模型.所提出的泄漏电流模型的计算值和TCAD模拟值与实验结果较为吻合.利用所提出的InGaZnO TFT泄漏电流模型和TCAD模拟,讨论了InGaZnO TFT不同的沟道宽度、沟道长度和栅介质层厚度对泄漏电流值的影响.研究结果对InGaZnO TFT集成传感电路的设计具有一定参考价值.     

铁铬合金团簇点阵中与成分相关的磁性耦合

本文采用气相团簇束流沉积法制备了不同铁铬比的铁铬合金密集团簇点阵,研究了团簇点阵中复杂的多相结构和各种耦合效应.当合金中铬含量较大时,在团簇中能够观测到一种晶格失配的类四方结构,这种结构的出现导致了不同铁铬比的合金团簇中交换偏置效应的不同.随着铬的含量增加,合金团簇的交换偏置场减小,而团簇间的偶极相互作用增强.在合金团簇的铁磁-超顺磁转变温度以上,能明显观察到在类四方结构团簇中有更大的残存矫顽力与剩磁.在场冷条件下,对矫顽力和偏置场随温度变化的研究表明含有更多类四方结构的合金团簇有更好的热稳定性和更大的各向异性.     

氧化还原对SrVOx外延膜晶相及物性的可逆调控

本文揭示了SrVO₃和Sr₂V₂O₇薄膜通过氧气或真空气氛中热处理来相互转化的现象. 基于该现象,高质量的Sr₂V₂O₇外延薄膜被间接合成. 性能表征结果显示半透明金属性的SrVO₃与透明绝缘的Sr₂V₂O₇可以实现可逆转换,该现象在可控的电学、光学器件中具有潜在应用价值.     

Enhanced monopole transition strength from the cluster decay of ~(13)C

The inelastic excitations and cluster decay of ~(13)C have been measured using the reaction,9Be(~(13)C, ~(13)C* →~9Be + α)~9Be. We observe strong excitation to the 14.3-MeV(1/2-) resonant state from the cluster-decay channel, leading to an enhanced monopole matrix element of(6.3 ± 0.6) fm~2. This large cluster-related monopole strength is a clear indication of the cluster-structure domination of this state and is consistent with the recent prediction of the orthogonality condition model(OCM). It would be interesting to further explore the three-center molecular rotational band that is initiated from the observed band-head.     

Probing the QCD phase structure with higher order baryon numbersusceptibilities within the NJL model

Conserved charge fluctuations can be used to probe the phase structure of strongly interacting nuclear matter in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. To obtain the characteristic signatures of the conserved charge fluctuations for the quantum chromodynamics(QCD) phase transition, we study the susceptibilities of dense quark matter up to eighth order in detail, using an effective QCD-based model. We studied two cases, one with the QCD critical end point(CEP) and one without owing to an additional vector interaction term. The higher order susceptibilities display rich structures near the CEP and show sign changes as well as large fluctuations. These can provide us information about the presence and location of the CEP. Furthermore, we find that the case without the CEP also shows a similar sign change pattern, but with a relatively smaller magnitude compared with the case with the CEP. Finally, we conclude that higher order susceptibilities of conserved charge can be used to probe the QCD phase structures in heavyion collisions.     

基于AC-Link串联谐振的Buck-Boost变换器控制算法

介绍了一种基于AC-Link串联谐振的Buck-Boost变换器拓扑结构,用状态平面分析法对串联谐振电路在Buck模式和Boost模式下工作过程进行分析。该方法相比于传统的基波等效分析法具有直接、精确和求解简单的特点。给出了详细的推导过程,提出了一种控制算法。建立了Matlab/Simulink仿真模型,仿真结果表明,该控制算法能够实现Buck和Boost的功能,能够得到稳定的输出电压,输入电流谐波含量低的特点,可以实现变换器在较宽的范围内调节输出电压。     

基于ARX系统辨识模型的钢绞线张拉力识别*

钢绞线是预应力结构和大跨索承体系桥梁的核心受力构件,其实际保有应力值将决定结构的承载能力和耐久性。以钢绞线超声导波传播过程为独立系统,外在激励和数据采集为系统的输入和输出,通过ARX系统辨识方法分析钢绞线张拉力引起的系统模型参数变化,并以模型参数为特征向量,构建张拉力识别指标。实验结果表明该识别指标具有良好的单调线性变化规律,确定系数达到0.964;传感器布置在钢绞线端面和侧面具有相似的规律性,相对而言,端面布置传感器识别指标的敏感性和线性规律更好;重复加卸载过程,识别指标线性拟合斜率比较稳定,受钢绞线应力加载路径影响较小。     

Detecting nonclassicality of light via Lieb's concavity

Nonclassical light states are important for both conceptual and practical reasons: they are basic ingredients in testing and exploring quantum foundations, and are crucial resources in quantum technologies. Various useful criteria have been developed to detect nonclassicality in the literature, and several meaningful measures of nonclassicality have been introduced and measured experimentally. In this work, by use of a non-Hermitian generalization of the Wigner-Yanase-Dyson skew information and playing with operator ordering in evaluating average photon number, we develop a novel family of criteria for detecting nonclassicality of light based on Lieb's concavity, which is a deep and powerful result concerning interaction between quantum states and observables. We elucidate the information-theoretic as well as the physical meaning of the criteria, and illustrate their effectiveness in capturing and quantifying nonclassicality of various important light states.