Hantzsch Ester as a Visible-Light Photoredox Catalyst for Transition-Metal-Free Coupling of Arylhalides and Arylsulfinates

Diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (HEH) has been utilized as a visible-light photoredox catalyst for the cross coupling of arylhalides and arylsulfinates without transition metal, sacrificial agent, and mediator. This method is compatible with various functional groups and provides diaryl sulfones in good to high yields. Mechanistic studies indicate that this reaction undergoes the stepwise light irradiation of HE⁻, single electron transfer (SET) in donor–acceptor complex (DAC) from *HE⁻ to arylhalide, trapping of aryl radical with sulfinate, and SET oxidation of sulfone radical anion by HE^. to sulfone by the DAC method.     

Hybrid-PIC/PIC simulations on ion extraction by electric field in laser-induced plasma

The processes of electric ion extraction from plasma induced by pulse lasers are simulated by particle-in-cell(PIC)method and hybrid-PIC method.A new calculation scheme named preprocessing hybrid-PIC is presented because neither of the two methods above is omnipotent,especially under the circumstance of high initial plasma density.The new scheme provides credible results with less computational consumption than PIC method in both one-and two-dimensional simulations,except forΠ-type electrode configuration.The simulation results show that the M-type performs best in all electrode configurations in both high-density and low-density plasma conditions.     

Millimeter wave beams diffracted from reflecting gratings

According to the angular-spectrum method, a radiation beam of an antenna horn in the Fresnal region is decomposed into the plane waves with the fast Fourier transform algorithm and the waves diffracted from a reflection grating are superposed as a diffracted beam. Compared with the reflected beam from the same size mirror, the radiation half width of the diffracted beam from a grating is narrower and its lateral shape is shift. These performances have been experimentally verified at Ka-band by: (1). The relative diffraction efficiencies in the first order with two triangular gratings which is put along propagating direction of a beam produced by a conical lens-horn. (2). H-plane lateral width with power—3dB lapsed of the focus beam from a grating and a mirror in a grating spectrometer for millimeter waves (25–100 GHz).     

Hilbert-Enskog-Chapman expansion in the turbulent kinetic theory of gases. II

This is a continuation of the article (I) with the same title. [Tian-quan Chen, preceding articleJ. Stat. Phys. 25, 491 (1981).] We carry on with the Enskog-Chapman expansion here.     

Anisotropic dc conductivity of pentagonal quasicrystals

The dc conductivity in the system with a fivefold rotational symmetry in theX-Y plane (QC plane) but having periodicity along theZ direction (C axis) are theoretically investigated from Kubo formula using the recursion method. Numerical results are suggestive of a metallic behavior for the dc conductivity in theQC plane as well as along theC direction, but these two kinds of dc conductivity are anisotropic in magnitude.     

Semidiscrete finite element Galerkin approximations to the equations of motion arising in the Oldroyd model

In this paper, a semidiscrete finite element Galerkin methodfor the equations of motion arising in the 2D Oldroyd modelof viscoelastic fluids with zero forcing function is analysed.Some new a priori bounds for the exact solutions are derivedunder realistically assumed conditions on the data. Moreover,the long-time behaviour of the solution is established. By introducinga Stokes–Volterra projection, optimal error bounds forthe velocity in the L(L²) as well as in the L(H¹)-norms andfor the pressure in the L(L²)-norm are derived which are validuniformly in time t > 0.     

Oscillation and non-oscillation for second-order linear difference equations

We prove new oscillation and non-oscillation theorems for the second-order linear difference equation Δ²x_n−1 + p_nx_n = 0, where is a real sequence with p_n 0. These results are extensions of earlier results of Zhang and Zhou [Comput. Math. Appl. 39 (2000) 1–7].     

Single-Mode Excited GHZ-type Entangled Coherent State

A class of the single-mode excited GHZ-type entangled coherent states (EGHZECSs) are presented. we exhibit the remarkable properties of the single-mode EGHZECSs, depended on the excitation photon number, such as entanglement and nonlocality via investigating their concurrence of entanglement and examining their violation of CHSH inequality. Finally, we propose how to generate the EGHZECSs by using cavity QED and quantum measurement and by using BBO crystal and single-photon detection technique, respectively.     

Synthesis, Characterization, DNA-Binding and Antiproliferative Activity of Nd(III) Complexes With N-(Nitrogen Heterocyclic) Norcantharidin Acylamide Acid

Three novel complexes [Nd(L)(NO₃)(H₂O)₂]·NO₃·2H₂O (HL¹ = N-pyrimidine norcantharidin acylamide acid, C₁₂H₁₃N₃O₄; HL² = N-pyridine norcantharidin acylamide acid, C₁₃H₁₄N₂O₄; HL³ = N-phenyl norcantharidin acylamide acid, C₁₄H₁₅NO₄) were synthesized. HL¹, HL² and HL³ are the ligand of complex(1), complex(2) and complex(3), respectively. Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurement, infrared spectra and thermogravimetric analysis. The DNA-binding properties of the complexes have been investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and viscosity measurements. The results suggest that the complexes can bind to DNA by partial intercalation. The liner Stern-Volmer quenching constant K_sq values are 3.3(±0.21)(1), 1.7(±0.19)(2) and 0.9(±0.04)(3), respectively. Complex (1) and (2) have been found to cleave pBR322 plasmid DNA at physiological pH and temperature. The test of antiproliferation activity indicates that complex(1) has strong antiproliferative ability against the SMMC7721 (IC₅₀ = 131.7 ± 23.4 μmol·L⁻¹) and A549 (IC₅₀ = 128.4 ± 19.9 μmol·L⁻¹) cell lines. The inhibition rates of complex(2) (IC₅₀ = 86.3 ± 11.3 μmol·L⁻¹) are much higher than that of NCTD (IC₅₀ = 115.5 ± 9.5 μmol·L⁻¹) and HL² (111.0 ± 5.7 μmol·L⁻¹) against SMMC7721 cell lines.     

A discussion on “A bivariate optimal replacement policy for a repairable system”

In this short paper, a bivariate optimal replacement policy for a repairable system with a geometric process maintenance model is discussed. Zhang [Zhang, Y.L., 1994. A bivariate optimal replacement policy for a repairable system. Journal of Applied Probability 31, 1123–1127] and Sheu [Sheu, S.H., 1999. Extended optimal replacement model for deteriorating systems. European Journal of Operational Research 112, 503–516] obtained different expression of the long-run average cost per unit time (i.e. average cost rate) of the system respectively. We show that both of their results are correct, therefore, Sheu’s comment (1999) on the result of Zhang (1994) is wrong.