An evaluation of the modified BCR sequential extraction procedure to assess the potential mobility of copper and zinc in MSW

Copper and zinc were determined in municipal solid waste (MSW) samples with different deposit ages from Tianziling landfill site. The pseudototal metal contents of the MSW samples were determined following an aqua regia digestion. Operational speciation was performed using the modified BCR sequential extraction procedure. Analyses were carried out by AAS. Agreement between most of triplicate samples was acceptable. The amount of copper and zinc extracted in the sequential procedure (i.e. Step 1, Step 2, Step 3, residual) did not generally agree well with pseudototal digestion. Various MSW samples contained significant different levels of copper and zinc, but these were with different potential migrations. For example, 49.88%-76.34% of copper existed in five MSW samples was present as oxidable fraction while ~ 40% of zinc was present as acid soluble fraction. The study illustrates the feasibility and importance of modified BCR sequential extraction procedure used as evaluation method when assessing the potential mobility of heavy metal in MSW landfill.     

2-氨基-5-烷基-1,3,4-噻二唑修饰环糊精的制备与表征

在N2气保护下, 用单-(6-对甲苯磺酰基)-CD(β-CD-6-OTs)和过量的2-氨基-5-烷基-1,3,4-噻二唑在80 ℃反应2 d, 合成了5种新的2-氨基-5-烷基-1,3,4-噻二唑修饰β-环糊精. 化合物的结构用IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV, MS和元素分析等方法进行了表征. 由于环糊精的屏蔽效应, 在2-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑修饰β-环糊精的 1H NMR中, 修饰产物中的噻二唑质子发生了高场位移. 其它的谱图数据同理论值相吻合, 这证明合成与分离方法是可行的. 研究了产物的生物活性, 结果显示部分化合物(2d, 2e)的抗菌活性明显增强.     

Syntheses and properties of fluorinated polyamides and poly(amide imide)s based on 9,9-bis[4-(4-amino-2-trifluromethylphenoxy)phenyl]fluroene, aromatic dicarboxylic acids, and various monotrimellitimides and bistrimellitimides

A diamine, 9,9-bis[4-(4-amino-2-trifluromethylphenoxy)phenyl]fluroene (I) containing the CF₃ group, was prepared from 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene and 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzotrifluoride. The imide-containing diacids (V _a-j and VI _a,b) were prepared by condensation reaction of amino acids, aromatic diamines, and trimellitic anhydride. Then, a series of soluble fluorinated polyamides (VII _a-e) and poly(amide imide)s (VIII _a-j and X _a,b) were synthesized from diamine (I) with various aromatic diacids II _a-h and the imide-containing diacids (V _a-j and VI _a,b) via direct polycondensation with triphenyl phosphate and pyridine. All polymers showed excellent solubility in amide-type solvents such as N-dimethylforamide and can also be dissolved in pyridine, m-cresol, and tetrahydrofuran. Polymers afford transparent and tough films by solvent casting. The glass transition temperature of these polymers were in the range of 278–366°C, and the poly(amide imide)s had better thermal stability than polyamides. In comparison with the isomeric IX _a-d, VIII _a-d showed a lighter color with lower b* (yellowness index) values than the corresponding IX series.     

10-苄基吖啶酮的合成及其与硼氢化钠还原反应研究

合成了一系列的10-苄基吖啶酮类化合物, 并探讨了一种用硼氢化钠氢化还原吖啶酮制备10-苄基-9,10-二氢吖啶的简便方法. 吖啶酮1与氯化苄及其衍生物2在氢化钠/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺/碘化钾中反应高产率生成10-苄基吖啶酮类化合物3; 3经硼氢化钠氢化还原生成10-苄基-9,10-二氢吖啶类化合物4, 产率88%～96%. 反应中没有得到预期的产物10-苄基-9,10-二氢吖啶醇类化合物4’, 其反应机理可能是3首先被硼氢化钠还原成醇中间体4’, 4’在硼氢化钠存在下不稳定, 迅速地被进一步还原成4.     

A study on the microwave responses of YBCO and TBCCO thin films by coplanar resonator technique

YBa₂Cu₃O₇(YBCO) thin films have been prepared by thermal coevaporation on LaAlO₃(LAO) substrates, and Tl₂Ba₂CaCu₂O₈(TBCCO) thin films are synthesized by magnetron sputtering method on LAO substrates. The transition temperature T_c is 90\,K for YBCO/LAO and 104\,K for TBCCO/LAO. Microwave responses of the films are studied systematically by coplanar resonator technique. Energy gaps of the films obtained are {\it\Delta}₀=1.04k_BT_c for YBCO films and ${\it\Delta}_0=0.84k_BT_c for TBCCO films by analysing the temperature dependence of resonant frequencies of coplanar resonator. Penetration depth at 0\,K \lambda ₀=198nm for YBCO films and \lambda₀ =200nm for TBCCO films could also be obtained by using the weak coupling theory and two fluid theory. Results of penetration depth and energy gap confirm the weak coupling properties of the films. In addition, microwave surface resistances R_s of YBCO/LAO and TBCCO/LAO are also investigated by analysing the quality factor and insert loss of the coplanar resonator. Surface resistance of TBCCO/LAO is less than that of YBCO/LAO, so that TBCCO/LAO films may have more potential applications.     

圆盘状α-Co(OH)2的控制合成及其电化学性能

采用AAO模板及后处理方法合成了圆盘状α-Co(OH)₂并研究了其电化学电容性能. 在该合成方法中, 先采用阳极氧化铝模板结合交流电沉积的方法获得钴纳米线, 而后将其在碱液中通过溶解氧氧化生成终端产物. 用红外光谱(FT-IR), X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)表征了产物的结构和形貌; 用循环伏安、恒电流充放电测试方法对其电化学性能进行了测试. 此外, 对圆盘状Co(OH)₂的形成机理进行了初步探讨. 结果表明, 用此方法合成的Co(OH)₂具有圆盘状形貌, 属α相态, 且表现出较好的电容特性.     

收缩到一点的一类曲线流

处理由偏微分方程描述的新的平面曲线流：DX/Dt=β（k）N，X（μ，0）=X0（μ），当初始曲线X0（μ）是凸的Jordan曲线和β(k)满足适当的条件时，应用偏微分方程中的最大值原理和先验估计，证明了发展曲线的周长和面积同时收缩，最终它们都收缩到一点。     

利用同步辐射研究汽油及其混合物的火焰成分特征

本文利用同步辐射和分子束取样技术并结合飞行时间质谱仪,分别检测了加入MTBE前后的汽油在氧气中的燃烧产物.通过比较标准汽油与MTBE/汽油在火焰中的成分差异,以及几种典型燃烧产物的空间分布曲线,分析了MTBE对汽油的微观影响机理,为建立燃烧反应动力学模型提供了参考.     

紫外光引发硅氢加成反应制备超支化聚碳硅氮烷

在二乙酰丙酮铂存在下, 以紫外光引发AB4型单体双(N,N-二烯丙基胺基)甲基硅烷发生硅氢加成反应, 制备了超支化聚碳硅氮烷. 聚合产物通过FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR和29Si NMR谱和体积排除色谱/激光光散射联用技术进行表征. 与常规加热条件下Karstedt's催化剂催化的硅氢加成聚合相比, 光引发聚合的反应速度快. 波谱分析表明, 聚合过程中以α位硅氢加成反应为主. 光引发聚合制备的超支化聚碳硅氮烷支化度(DB)和平均支化数(ANB)分别为0.46和0.53, 与理论值相近. 其重均分子量为12500 g/mol, 分子量分布系数为2.1, Mark-Houwink方程指数α为0.44, 与热聚合制备的超支化聚碳硅氮烷的参数相近.     

Structural and thermal stabilities of Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles and their arrays:A molecular dynamics simulation

Thermal stability of core-shell nanoparticles(CSNPs)is crucial to their fabrication processes,chemical and physical properties,and applications.Here we systematically investigate the structural and thermal stabilities of single Au@Ag CSNPs with different sizes and their arrays by means of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations.The formation energies of all Au@Ag CSNPs we reported are all negative,indicating that Au@Ag CSNPs are energetically favorable to be formed.For Au@Ag CSNPs with the same core size,their melting points increase with increasing shell thickness.If we keep the shell thickness unchanged,the melting points increase as the core sizes increase except for the CSNP with the smallest core size and a bilayer Ag shell.The melting points of Au@Ag CSNPs show a feature of non-monotonicity with increasing core size at a fixed NP size.Further simulations on the Au@Ag CSNP arrays with 923 atoms reveal that their melting points decrease dramatically compared with single Au@Ag CSNPs.We find that the premelting processes start from the surface region for both the single NPs and their arrays.