全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8518篇 |
免费 | 1291篇 |
国内免费 | 1268篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 6218篇 |
晶体学 | 99篇 |
力学 | 673篇 |
综合类 | 94篇 |
数学 | 1118篇 |
物理学 | 2875篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 25篇 |
2023年 | 167篇 |
2022年 | 210篇 |
2021年 | 291篇 |
2020年 | 320篇 |
2019年 | 306篇 |
2018年 | 229篇 |
2017年 | 251篇 |
2016年 | 424篇 |
2015年 | 352篇 |
2014年 | 436篇 |
2013年 | 593篇 |
2012年 | 725篇 |
2011年 | 680篇 |
2010年 | 563篇 |
2009年 | 475篇 |
2008年 | 531篇 |
2007年 | 451篇 |
2006年 | 437篇 |
2005年 | 420篇 |
2004年 | 360篇 |
2003年 | 334篇 |
2002年 | 387篇 |
2001年 | 351篇 |
2000年 | 244篇 |
1999年 | 249篇 |
1998年 | 187篇 |
1997年 | 171篇 |
1996年 | 182篇 |
1995年 | 139篇 |
1994年 | 129篇 |
1993年 | 95篇 |
1992年 | 70篇 |
1991年 | 70篇 |
1990年 | 43篇 |
1989年 | 26篇 |
1988年 | 35篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 28篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
1936年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
181.
Z.H. Zhang X.L. Zhong H. Liao F. Wang J.B. Wang Y.C. Zhou 《Applied Surface Science》2011,257(17):7461-7465
In the present work, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate the composition depth profiles of Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 (BNT) ferroelectric thin film, which was prepared on Pt(1 1 1)/Ti/SiO2/Si(1 0 0) substrates by chemical solution deposition (CSD). It is shown that there are three distinct regions formed in BNT film, which are surface layer, bulk film and interface layer. The surface of film is found to consist of one outermost Bi-rich region. High resolution spectra of the O 1s peak in the surface can be decomposed into two components of metallic oxide oxygen and surface adsorbed oxygen. The distribution of component elements is nearly uniform within the bulk film. In the bulk film, high resolution XPS spectra of O 1s, Bi 4f, Nd 3d, Ti 2p are in agreement with the element chemical states of the BNT system. The interfacial layer is formed through the interdiffusion between the BNT film and Pt electrode. In addition, the Ar+-ion sputtering changes lots of Bi3+ ions into Bi0 due to weak Bi-O bond and high etching energy. 相似文献
182.
采用Al和TiN靶通过磁控共溅射方法, 制备了一系列Ti:N≈1的不同(Ti, N) 含量的铝基纳米复合薄膜, 利用X射线能量分散谱仪、X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜和纳米力学探针表征了薄膜的成分、 微结构和力学性能, 研究了(Ti, N)含量对复合薄膜微结构和力学性能的影响. 结果表明: Ti, N原子的共同加入使复合薄膜形成了同时具有置换固溶和间隙固溶特征的"双超过饱和固溶体", 薄膜的晶粒随着溶质含量的增加逐步纳米化, 并进一步形成非晶结构, 晶界区域形成溶质原子的富集区. 相应地, 复合薄膜的硬度在含1.8 at.%(Ti, N) 时就可迅速提高到3.9 GPa; 随着TiN含量的增加, 薄膜的硬度进一步提高到含17.1 at.%(Ti, N)时的8.8 GPa. 以上结果显示出Ti和N"双超过饱和固溶"对Al薄膜极其显著的强化效果. 相似文献
183.
In a view to balancing cost and lithium ion conductivity, Li6BaLa2Nb x Ta2???x O12 (x?=?0–2) was prepared by solid-state reaction, and its corresponding AC impedances were tested at temperatures ranging from 20 to 250 °C in air. Li6BaLa2Ta2O12 exhibits the highest conductivity, 8.77?×?10?6?S/cm, and the second highest is Li6BaLa2Nb2O12 with 6.69?×?10?6?S/cm. Partial replacement of Ta with Nb cannot bestow the advantages of cost saving or the enhancement of lithium ion conductivity. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed a gradual change as an increasing amount of Nb replaces Ta in Li6BaLa2Nb x Ta2???x O12 (x?=?0–2), and it is thought that the trending of Nb and Ta to rest on the crystallographic planes is different. 相似文献
184.
Impacts of higher-order dispersions and saturable nonlinearities on modulation instability in negative-refractive metamaterials 下载免费PDF全文
On the basis of the standard linear stability analysis and Drude electromagnetic model,the impacts of higher-order dispersions and three kinds of typical saturable nonlinearities on modulation instability(MI) have been analyzed and calculated for negative-refractive metamaterials(MMs).Our results show that the MI gain spectra consist of only one spectral region instead of one or two regions in ordinary materials,which may be close to or far from the zero point.Particularly,the spectrum far from the zero point has a high cut-off frequency but a narrow spectral width,which is obviously beneficial to the generation of high-repetition-rate pulse trains.Moreover,MI characteristics here will vary with the normalized angular frequency which can be modified by adjusting the structures of negative-refractive MMs,signifying the controllability of bistable solitons and MI based applications.The effects of saturable nonlinearities are similar to those in ordinary materials. 相似文献
185.
186.
187.
188.
Bei-Jing Zhong Shuai Dang Ya-Na Song Jing-Song Gong 《Combustion Theory and Modelling》2013,17(1):143-171
Here, we propose both a comprehensive chemical mechanism and a reduced mechanism for a three-dimensional combustion simulation, describing the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in a direct-injection diesel engine. A soot model based on the reduced mechanism and a method of moments is also presented. The turbulent diffusion flame and PAH formation in the diesel engine were modelled using the reduced mechanism based on the detailed mechanism using a fixed wall temperature as a boundary condition. The spatial distribution of PAH concentrations and the characteristic parameters for soot formation in the engine cylinder were obtained by coupling a detailed chemical kinetic model with the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model. Comparison of the simulated results with limited experimental data shows that the chemical mechanisms and soot model are realistic and correctly describe the basic physics of diesel combustion but require further development to improve their accuracy. 相似文献
189.
Shao Su Xinpan Wei Yuanyuan Guo Yiling Zhong Yuanyuan Su Qing Huang Chunhai Fan Yao He 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2013,30(4):326-331
A new kind of silicon nanowire (SiNWs)‐based nanoelectrode assembly, a gold‐nanoparticle‐decorated silicon nanowire array (AuNPs@SiNWsAr), is employed for the construction of high‐performance electrochemical sensors. Significantly, the electrochemical nanosensors are capable of sensitive detection of various electroactive molecules (e.g., dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and glucose). Further, DA molecules loaded on the surface of AuNPs@SiNWsAr preserve stable high electroactivity overnight without special protection, while free DA molecules may lose their biological activity due to severe oxidization in ambient environment. These findings may offer new opportunities for the design of high‐performance electrochemical nanosensors with high sensitivity and robust stability. 相似文献
190.
Single crystalline Al2O3 fibres (sapphire), coated with the NiAl alloy IP75 by physical vapour deposition (PVD), were assembled to fabricate composites by means of diffusion bonding. The microstructure and chemistry of both as-coated fibre and as-diffusion bonded composites were investigated by electron microscopy and microanalysis. The interface shear stress for complete debonding was measured by fibre push-out tests at room temperature, and the composite tensile strength was measured at 900°C and 1100°C. An amorphous layer with a thickness of about 400?nm formed between the fibre and the matrix during the PVD process and was maintained during diffusion bonding. A Laves phase precipitated along NiAl grain boundaries in the IP75 matrix. This caused a lower tensile strength of the IP75/Al2O3 composite at high temperatures compared to as-cast monolithic IP75 and rendered the composite useless for structural applications. 相似文献