Simulating synchronized traffic flow and wide moving jam based on the brake light rule

A new cellular automaton (CA) model based on brake light rules is proposed, which considers the influence of deterministic deceleration on randomization probability and deceleration extent. To describe the synchronized flow phase of Kerner’s three-phase theory in accordance with empirical data, we have changed some rules of vehicle motion with the aim to improve speed and acceleration vehicle behavior in synchronized flow simulated with earlier cellular automaton models with brake lights. The fundamental diagrams and spatial–temporal diagrams are analyzed, as well as the complexity of the traffic evolution, the emergence process of wide moving jam. Simulation results show that our new model can reproduce the three traffic phases: free flow, synchronized flow and wide moving jam. In addition, our new model can well describe the complexity of traffic evolution: (1) with initial homogeneous distribution and large densities, the traffic will evolve into multiple steady states, in which the numbers of wide moving jams are not invariable. (2) With initial homogeneous distribution and the middle range of density, the wide moving jam will emerge stochastically. (3) With initial mega-jam distribution and the density close to a point with the low value, the initial mega-jam will disappear stochastically. (4) For the cases with multiple wide moving jams, the process is analyzed involving the generation of narrow moving jam due to “pinch effect”, which leads to wide moving jam emergence.     

Understanding the junction degradation mechanism in CdS/CdTe solar cells using a Cd-deficient CdTe layer

It is known that CdTe solar cells are often degraded under solar illumination. But the degradation mechanism is not fully proved because it does not appear consistently. The junction degradation in CdS/CdTe solar cells was investigated using a CdTe layer with Cd deficient composition, where Cd vacancy concentration is high. It was found that the Cu atoms easily filled the Cd vacancies in CdTe and transport to junction area from Cu back contact. PL measurement and spectral quantum efficiency measurement showed that the incorporation of Cu atoms in CdS forms a defect energy level at 1.55 eV below the conduction band in CdS. As a result, the junction built-in potential is decreased and light penetration into CdTe absorber is shielded. For reliable and stable CdTe cells, the formation of Cd vacancy in CdTe should be avoided by careful control of CdTe.     

基于二维材料MXene的仿神经突触忆阻器的制备和长/短时程突触可塑性的实现

兼具长时程可塑性与短时程可塑性的电子突触被认为是类脑计算系统的重要基础.将一种新型二维材料MXene应用到忆阻器中,制备了基于Cu/MXene/SiO_2/W的仿神经突触忆阻器.结果表明, Cu/MXene/SiO_2/W忆阻器成功实现了稳定的双极性模拟阻态切换,同时成功模拟了生物突触短时程可塑性的双脉冲易化功能和长时程可塑性的长期增强/抑制行为,其中双脉冲易化的易化指数与脉冲间隔时间相关. Cu/MXene/SiO_2/W忆阻器的突触仿生特性,归功于MXene辅助的Cu离子电导丝形成与破灭的类突触响应机理.由于Cu/MXene/SiO_2/W忆阻器兼具长时程可塑性与短时程可塑性,其在突触仿生电子学和类脑智能领域将会具有巨大的应用前景.     

Heterogeneous catalytic aerobic oxidation behavior of Co–Na heterodinuclear polymeric complex of Salen-crown ether

A new kind of Co–Na heterodinuclear polymer complex based on Salen Schiff base and crown ether has been successfully prepared by condensation polymerization. Its catalytic behavior for aerobic oxidation of cyclohexene, alkylbenzenes and linear aliphatic olefins was studied in the absence of any solvents or reducing agents under mild conditions. The oxidation of cyclohexene catalyzed by the above catalyst proved to be a simple and efficient method for obtaining 2-cyclohexen-1-one (CO) and 2-cyclohexen-ol (OH) in a high selectivity. Kinetics of the oxidation was also investigated. The results showed that the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexene catalyzed by Salen-crown ether heterodinuclear polymer complex follows a radical chain aerobic oxidation mechanism. This oxidation system is also efficient in the oxidation of alkylbenzenes and linear aliphatic olefins, which afforded corresponding benzylic oxidation products and epoxides, respectively.     

Highly stereoselective synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted 3-vinylidene tetetrahydrofurans via Prins-type cyclization

[reaction: see text]. A novel synthetic methodology for 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans having an allenyl group at the 3-position via Prins-type cyclization was developed. The reaction led to excellent selectivity and moderate to high yields.     

Fabrication of Nb2O5/C nanocomposites as a high performance anode for lithium ion battery

Nb₂O₅/C nanosheets are successfully prepared through a mixing process and followed by heating treatment.Such Nb₂O₅/C based electrode exhibits high rate performance and remarkable cycling ability, showing a high and stable specific capacity of ~380 mAh g^-1 at the current density of 50 mA g^-1(much higher than the theoretical capacity of Nb₂O₅).Further more,at a current density of 500 mA g^-1,the nanocomposites electrode still exhibits a specific capacity of above 150 mAh g^-1 after 100 cycles.These results suggest the Nb₂O₅/C nanocomposite is a high performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries.     

选择性激光烧结成型件密度的支持向量回归预测

根据不同工艺参数（层厚、扫描间距、激光功率、扫描速度、加工环境温度、层与层之间的加工时间间隔和扫描方式）下的选择性激光烧结成型件密度的实测数据集,应用基于粒子群算法寻优的支持向量回归（SVR）方法,建立了加工工艺参数与成型件密度间的预测模型,并与BP神经网络模型进行了比较.结果表明：基于相同的训练样本和检验样本,成型件密度的SVR模型比其BP神经网络模型具有更强的内部拟合能力和更高的预测精度;增加训练样本数有助于提高SVR预测模型的泛化能力;基于留一交叉验证法的SVR模型的预测误差最小.因此,SVR是一种预测选择性激光烧结成型件密度的有效方法. 关键词： 选择性激光烧结 密度 支持向量机 回归分析     

基于遗传算法构建巴耳末公式

基于遗传算法构建了巴耳末公式．通过建立合适的拟合数学模型，用计算机对数学模型进行优化，使之尽可能反映氢原子实际谱线分布，并求出经验常量和拟合公式，最后分析了所得结果．     

利用糖芯片研究半乳寡糖与蓖麻凝集素和鸡冠刺桐凝集素间的相互作用

建立了用糖芯片技术研究寡糖与凝集素相互作用的方法.以新乳糖-N-四糖(LNnT)、乳糖-N-四糖(LNT)、λ-卡拉胶四糖(L4)和琼胶五糖(A5)为原料,经还原胺化法分别将其与1,2-十六烷基磷脂酰乙醇胺偶联得到拟糖脂,再将其与卵磷脂和胆固醇按4∶2∶5比例混合制备成脂质体后,用全自动芯片点样仪将其点印在硝酸纤维素膜包被的玻片上制成糖芯片,并进行寡糖与凝集素的结合实验.结果表明,蓖麻凝集素(Rieinus communis agglutinin 120,RCA120)特异性识别非还原端糖残基为Galβ(1 →4)的寡糖,而鸡冠刺桐凝集素(Erythrina cristagalli lectin,ECL)特异性识别非还原端糖残基为Galβ(1→4)GlcNAc的LNnT.采用接触式芯片点样仪制备糖芯片,并用荧光扫描仪对糖与凝集素结合信号进行检测,增加了灵敏度和准确性.本方法不仅适合于糖与蛋白相互作用的研究,也有助于加快糖类药物的发现.     

[K2(TNR)(H2O)]n的制备、分子结构和热分解机理

2,4,6-三硝基间苯二酚(斯蒂芬酸)及其盐类,如斯蒂芬酸铅、斯蒂芬酸钡等是常用的含能材料[1],但斯蒂芬酸铅盐及钡盐在爆炸后产生重金属污染,对使用人员的健康及环境都产生危害.