全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14536篇 |
免费 | 681篇 |
国内免费 | 113篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 10153篇 |
晶体学 | 141篇 |
力学 | 402篇 |
数学 | 1420篇 |
物理学 | 3214篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 79篇 |
2022年 | 251篇 |
2021年 | 312篇 |
2020年 | 258篇 |
2019年 | 258篇 |
2018年 | 253篇 |
2017年 | 219篇 |
2016年 | 457篇 |
2015年 | 417篇 |
2014年 | 535篇 |
2013年 | 933篇 |
2012年 | 1096篇 |
2011年 | 1235篇 |
2010年 | 731篇 |
2009年 | 600篇 |
2008年 | 949篇 |
2007年 | 866篇 |
2006年 | 817篇 |
2005年 | 723篇 |
2004年 | 645篇 |
2003年 | 544篇 |
2002年 | 504篇 |
2001年 | 315篇 |
2000年 | 270篇 |
1999年 | 195篇 |
1998年 | 120篇 |
1997年 | 124篇 |
1996年 | 151篇 |
1995年 | 126篇 |
1994年 | 124篇 |
1993年 | 89篇 |
1992年 | 92篇 |
1991年 | 73篇 |
1990年 | 88篇 |
1989年 | 69篇 |
1988年 | 52篇 |
1987年 | 34篇 |
1986年 | 29篇 |
1985年 | 68篇 |
1984年 | 46篇 |
1983年 | 39篇 |
1982年 | 45篇 |
1981年 | 42篇 |
1980年 | 32篇 |
1979年 | 43篇 |
1978年 | 34篇 |
1977年 | 34篇 |
1976年 | 35篇 |
1975年 | 27篇 |
1973年 | 35篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Chae Kyu Kim Eun Seok Song Hyung Joo Kim Chiyoung Park Young Chul Kim Jai Kyeong Kim Jae Woong Yu Chulhee Kim 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(1):254-263
We have synthesized conjugated dendrimer with triazine peripheries, and their luminescence properties were investigated. The dendrimers consist of dendritic triazine wedges for electron transport, distyrylbenzene core as an emitting moiety, and t‐butyl peripheral groups for good processing properties. The dendrimers have LUMO values of about ?2.7 eV possibly because of the triazine moiety with high electron affinity. Photoluminescence study indicates that energy transfer occurs from the triazine wedges to the stilbene bridge, and finally to the core chromophore units due to a cascade decrease of bandgap from the peripheral wedge to core moiety. Therefore, the emission wavelength was determined by the structure of the core unit. The energy transfer efficiency of distyrylbenzene‐cored dendrimers was about 75 and 55% for Trz‐1GD‐DSB and Trz‐2GD‐DSB, respectively. A preliminary electroluminescence property also was investigated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 254–263, 2006 相似文献
92.
93.
In order to obtain the depth profile of a thin film, we investigated the emission characteristics of a voltage modulation glow discharge to optimize the modulation parameters (modulation voltage, offset voltage, and modulation frequency). In this study, a phase-sensitive detection method with a lock-in amplifier to the modulation technique led to a higher sensitivity and a larger signal-to-noise ratio in the emission analysis compared to the normal dc amplification method. Upon increasing the maximum voltage, the emission intensity of the Cu atomic line (CuI 239.34 nm) increased linearly at a modulation voltage of 400 V and an offset voltage of 300 V. On the other hand, the emission intensity was gradually reduced when a modulation frequency increased. It is advantageous for surface analysis that the voltage modulation technique gives a lower sputtering rate rather than the conventional dc discharge. 相似文献
94.
T.W. Lim S.H. Park D.Y. Yang H.J. Kong K.S. Lee 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2006,84(4):379-383
A nano-surfacing process (NSP) is proposed to directly fabricate three-dimensional (3D) concavo–convex-shaped microstructures such as micro-lens arrays using two-photon polymerization (TPP), a promising technique for fabricating arbitrary 3D highly functional micro-devices. In TPP, commonly utilized methods for fabricating complex 3D microstructures to date are based on a layer-by-layer accumulating technique employing two-dimensional sliced data derived from 3D computer-aided design data. As such, this approach requires much time and effort for precise fabrication. In this work, a novel single-layer exposure method is proposed in order to improve the fabricating efficiency for 3D concavo–convex-shaped microstructures. In the NSP, 3D microstructures are divided into 13 sub-regions horizontally with consideration of the heights. Those sub-regions are then expressed as 13 characteristic colors, after which a multi-voxel matrix (MVM) is composed with the characteristic colors. Voxels with various heights and diameters are generated to construct 3D structures using a MVM scanning method. Some 3D concavo–convex-shaped microstructures were fabricated to estimate the usefulness of the NSP, and the results show that it readily enables the fabrication of single-layered 3D microstructures. PACS 85.40.Hp; 81.16.Nd; 42.82.Cr 相似文献
95.
Kwangwon Park 《Talanta》2007,73(4):791-794
It is very challenging to decompose a plastic product for the purpose of analysis of hazardous elements contained. To circumvent such technical problem, it is imperative that an analyst employ a nondestructive analytical method free of any pretreatments. The analytical results of the concentrations of toxic metals such as Cd and Cr in polypropylene for seven samples at two different levels were obtained using the instrumental neutron activation analysis. This work was intended ultimately to establish certified reference materials (CRMs) of these metals in the polypropylene, traceable to the SI. The uncertainties associated with the analytical procedures were estimated in accordance with the ISO guideline. The results were subsequently validated by a comparison with those for CRM-680 and −681 of the Bureau Communautaire de Reference (BCR), which demonstrated acceptable agreement within their uncertainty ranges. 相似文献
96.
In this paper we prove the semialgebraic version of Palais' covering homotopy theorem, and use this to prove Bredon's covering mapping cylinder conjecture positively in the semialgebraic category. Bredon's conjecture was originally stated in the topological category, and a topological version of our semialgebraic proof of the conjecture answers the original topological conjecture for topological G-spaces over “simplicial” mapping cylinders. 相似文献
97.
Anisha Gokarna Yong Hwan Kim Yong-Hoon Cho Min Su Lee In Cheol Kang Hyun Kyu Park Min Gon Kim Bong Hyun Chung 《Optical Review》2006,13(4):288-291
We demonstrate the fluorescence mapping of protein microarrays by the technique of scanning near-field optical microscopy
(SNOM) and confocal microscopy. Micron sized spots (300 μm) of human Immunoglobulin G (hIgG) protein with and without a Cy3
dye labeling have been fabricated on glass substrates by an immobilization method which makes use of calixcrown derivatives
termed Prolinker. We have also tried to probe into the well-known “doughnut effect” observed in fluorescence images of proteins
using the SNOM technique. The topographic and fluorescence SNOM images revealed that the number of proteins at the boundary
of the spot were more than at the center in the case of the microarray spot which showed brighter luminescence at the edge
than at the center in the confocal image. 相似文献
98.
Hong Oh Kim Rae Young Kim Jae Kun Lim Zuowei Shen 《Journal of Approximation Theory》2007,147(2):196-204
We start with a characterization of a pair of frames to be orthogonal in a shift-invariant space and then give a simple construction of a pair of orthogonal shift-invariant frames. This is applied to obtain a construction of a pair of Gabor orthogonal frames as an example. This is also developed further to obtain constructions of a pair of orthogonal wavelet frames. 相似文献
99.
Nadeem Saeed Basant K Puri Angela Oatridge Joseph V Hajnal Ian R Young 《Magnetic resonance imaging》1998,16(10):1237-1247
Two semi-automated methods for quantification of ventricular volume change from baseline and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scans have been developed. Technique 1 employs direct segmentation of the ventricles from both the scans using thresholding and contour extraction. Technique 2 operates on difference images produced by voxel based intensity subtraction of the baseline from the registered follow-up images. Here, all voxels with intensities above a noise threshold and in a restricted area are monitored to compute volumetric changes. In phantom measurements the first technique was accurate to 0.0046%, the second to 0.167% of the phantom volume. Results from normal volunteers was that the average ventricular volume changed by 1.52% and 1.54% for images acquired within 9 months using techniques 1 and 2, respectively. With schizophrenic patients mean change of 10.78% and 9.43% were found employing the first and second procedures, respectively. All measurements agreed with a radiologist’s visual grading of the changes. Robust, objective, fast, easy-to-use, and fairly accurate procedures have been developed and validated to quantify volumetric changes. 相似文献
100.
Commisso R.J. Apruzese J.P. Black D.C. Boller J.R. Moosman B. Mosher D. Stephanakis S.J. Weber B.V. Young F.C. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1998,26(4):1068-1085
The K-shell radiated energy (yield) from neon Z-pinch implosions with annular, gas-puff nozzle radii of 1, 1.75, and 2.5 cm was measured for implosion times from 50 to 300 ns while systematically keeping the implosion kinetic energy nearly constant. The implosions were driven by the Hawk inductive-storage generator at the 0.65-MA level. Initial neutral-neon density distributions from the nozzles were determined with laser interferometry. Measured yields are compared with predictions from zero-dimensional (0-D) scaling models of ideal. One-dimensional (1-D) pinch behavior to both benchmark the scaling models, and to determine their utility for predicting K-shell yields for argon implosions of 200 to >300 ns driven by corresponding currents of 4 to 9 MA, such as envisioned for the DECADE QUAD. For all three nozzles, the 0-D models correctly predict the Z-pinch mass for maximum yield. For the 1and 1.75-cm radius nozzles, the scaling models accurately match the measured yields if the ratio of initial to final radius (compression ratio) is assumed to be 8:1. For the 2.5-cm radius nozzle, the measured yields are only one-third of the predictions. Analysis of K-shell spectral measurements suggest that as much as 70% (50%) of the imploded mass is radiating in the K-shell for the 1-cm (1.75-cm) radius nozzle. That fraction is only 10% for the 2.5-cm radius nozzle. The 0-D scaling models are useful for predicting 1-D-like K-shell radiation yields (better than a factor-of-two accuracy) when a nominal (≈10:1) compression ratio is assumed. However, the compression ratio assumed in the models is only an “effective” quantity, so that further interpretations based on the 0-D analysis require additional justification. The lower-than-predicted yield for the 2.5-cm radius nozzle is associated with larger radius and not with longer implosion time, and is probably a result of two-dimensional effects 相似文献