Preparation of 2-fluoromalonic esters and related compounds from hexafluoropropene

Dimethyl and diethyl fluoromalonates were prepared from hexafluoropropene by its exhaustive alcoholysis or alternatively its ammonolysis and alcoholysis. Fluoromalonates thus obtained or their alkylated derivatives were condensed with o-phenylenediamine or its substituted derivatives to give a number of 1H-3-fluoro-1,5-dibenzodiazepin-2,4(3H,5H)-diones.     

Photochemically generated silicon-carbon double-bonded intermediates VIII. Photolysis of phenyldisilane derivatives in the presence of olefins

Photolysis of phenylpentamethyldisilane, 1,1-diphenyltetramethyldisilane and 1-isopropyl-1-phenyltetramethyldisilane in the presence of a wide variety of olefins has been studied. All reactions investigated, with the exception of those with 1-methylcyclohexene and tetramethylethylene, afforded the corresponding 1/1 addition products. Yields of the adducts depended highly on the structure of the olefins used. In the photolysis of phenylpentamethyldisilane in the presence of an equimolar mixture of 1,1- and 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyl)ethene under competitive reaction conditions, the main product was the one arising from the 1,1-isomer. A possible mechanism for the process of addition of olefin to the photochemically generated silicon-carbon double-bonded intermediate (A) is discussed.     

Change of concentrations of trace elements and protein contents in the liver of zinc deficient mice

The concentrations of essential trace elements and proteins in cytosolic fraction of hepatic cells of mice fed with Zn-deficient diet (Zn-def, mice) and control were determined by ICP-MS and BCA protein assay method, respectively, after division into forty fractions by gel filtration chromatography. The concentrations of zinc and proteins decreased in the 14–17th fractions of Zn-def, mice, whereas cobalt concentrations increased in the 14, 17, and 18th fractions. However, no significant differences were found on the gel after SDS-PAGE for the 12–21st fractions, although the BCA protein assay date showed the decrease of protein amounts in 13–15th fractions of Zn-def. mice.     

Efficient photocleavage of DNA by cationic porphyrin-acridine hybrids with the effective length of diamino alkyl linkage

Positively charged porphyrins bearing an acridine with various lengths of diamino alkyl linkage, 5-[4-[(6-chloro-2-methoxy-9-acridyl)aminoalkylaminocarbonyl]phenyl]-10,15,20-tris(4-N-methylpyridiniumyl)porphine triiodide, alkyl=ethyl, butyl, hexyl, or octyl, were synthesized. They exhibited more enhanced photocleavage activity of pUC18 plasmid DNA than TMPyP, meso-tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridiniumyl)porphine, which is well known to bind to DNA tightly and to cleave DNA effectively; the hybrid linked with the hexamethylene chain showed particularly high activity. An equilibrium dialysis experiment demonstrated that the binding ability of the hybrids to calf thymus (CT) DNA correlated quantitatively with the photocleavage activity. The lack of the substantial red-shift of the Soret maxima of the hybrids through the titration with CTDNA denied the intercalative binding of the porphyrin part. In their circular dichroism (CD) spectral change on binding to CTDNA, two negative peaks appeared at 275 nm and at 285-290 nm in the UV range. The latter negative peak was observed for hybrids, but not for TMPyP, and thus we assigned it to induced CD (ICD) derived from intercalation of acridine chromophore. In the visible range, the hybrids showed only a positive peak around their Soret maxima, and this feature suggested the porphyrin moiety lay in the DNA groove. In addition, the length of the linker markedly influenced the ellipticity of their visible ICD, suggesting that the proximity of the porphyrin moiety to DNA was greatly affected by the linker.     

Simultaneous determination of the binding of amantadine and its analogues to synthetic melanin by liquid chromatography after precolumn derivatization with dansyl chloride

For the determination of amantadine (1-ADA), 2-adamantanamine (2-ADA), memantine (MEM), and rimantadine (RIM) in melanin binding studies, the simultaneous determination of 1-ADA or 2-ADA, MEM, and RIM is investigated by high-performance liquid chromatographic assay with dansyl chloride as a fluorescent derivative reagent. Dansyl derivatives with fluorescent intensity are detected at an excitation wavelength of 370 nm and an emission wavelength of 506 nm. Retention times of 1-ADA, 2-ADA, MEM, and RIM derivatives are 12.2, 12.2, 15.2, and 16.6 min, respectively. The peak of 1-ADA derivative coelutes with the 2-ADA derivative. The limits of detection for 1-ADA, 2-ADA, MEM, and RIM are 0.014, 0.007, 0.012, and 0.020microM, respectively (signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1). In the intra- and interday assay, the range of standard deviation to the average of 1-ADA, 2-ADA, MEM, and RIM is 4.6-12.7%. Their recovery is also good. The ranking order for synthetic melanin binding among these compounds is RIM > MEM > 2-ADA = 1-ADA. The method is simple, sensitive, and reproducible for simultaneously measuring 1-ADA or 2-ADA, MEM, and RIM. Also, it is useful to investigate their binding kinetics to melanin.     

Ligand Substitution Reaction of Bis(ethylenediamine)glycinatocobalt(III) Complex with Ethylenediamine Catalyzed by the Photo-excited Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Complex

Substitution reaction with ethylenediamine of coordinated glycinate ligand in bis(ethylenediamine)-glycinatocobalt(III) complex has been studied in the presence of photo-excited tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complex in alkaline aqueous solution (buffered around pH 12) containing 1.0M chloride ion at 25°C. VIS absorption and CD spectra were used for the racemate and the optically active isomers of the Co(III) complexes, respectively. The reaction was catalyzed by the excited Ru(II) complex to give tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) complex. Mechanism of the ligand-substitution reaction and role of the excited Ru(II) complex were discussed.     

Recovery and refining of au by gold-cyanide ion biosorption using animal fibrous proteins

Animal fibrous proteins (AFPs) such as egg-shell membrane (ESM), chicken feather (CF), wool, silk, or elastin are an intricate network of stable and water-insoluble fibers with high surface area and are abundant bioresources. Every AFP tested was found to accumulate gold-cyanide ion from aqueous solutions in high yield, depending on pH and some other parameters. Gold-cyanide ion is adsorbed by AFP at low pH range, with maximum binding observed at approx pH 2.0. Under the certain conditions, gold-cyanide ion was accumulated up to 8.6, 7.1, 9.8, 2.4, and 3.9% of dry weight on ESM, CF, wool, silk, and elastin, respectively. In the case of ESM, it was found that ESM removed gold-cyanide ion almost quantitatively and almost all the gold uptake by ESM was easily desorbed with 0.1M NaOH. ESM can be used repeatedly for the process of gold adsorption-desorption. The gold-biosorptive capacity of ESM that was chemically modified with glutaraldehyde was higher than that of control. In column procedure, ESM packed on column removed gold-cyanide ion from the dilute aqueous solution to extremely low concentrations (nondetectable concentration of below 1 ppb)     

Upward temperature shift of the intrinsic phase lag of the magnetization of Bis(phthalocyaninato)terbium by ligand oxidation creating an S = 1/2 spin

An alternating-current (ac) magnetic susceptibility measurement for the [(Pc)(2)Tb(III)](0) complex (Pc = phthalocyaninato) has shown that ligand oxidation of the anionic [(Pc)(2)Tb(III)](-) complex gives rise to a significant upward shift of the temperature range where the magnetization response shows a phase lag behind the time-varying external magnetic field. The peaks of the out-of-phase component of the ac susceptibility of the pi-radical [(Pc)(2)Tb(III)](0) were observed at 50, 43, and 36 K with ac magnetic fields of 10(3), 10(2), and 10 Hz, respectively, which were more than 10 K higher than the corresponding values of the anionic complex with a closed-shell pi-system. The ac susceptibility measurements on the complex with octa(dodecoxy)-substituted Pc ligand, which is readily dilutable in diamagnetic media, proved that the significant rise of the temperatures occurs as an intrinsic single-molecular property of the complex possessing both J = 6 and S = (1)/(2) systems, and is not due to long-range magnetic order or interactions between adjacent unpaired pi-electrons.     

Polymeric organosilicon systems. XVII. Synthesis and photochemical and conducting properties of poly[o-and m-(disilanylene)phenylene]s

Poly[o-(tetramethyldisilanylene)phenylene] ( 2a ), poly[o-(1,2-dimethyldiphenyldisilanylene)-phenylene] ( 2b ), poly[m-(tetramethyldisilanylene)phenylene] ( 2c ), and poly[m-(1,2-dimethyldiphenyldisilanylene)phenylene] ( 2d ) were prepared by the sodium condensation reaction of the corresponding 1,2-and 1,3-bis (chlorosilyl)benzenes in toluene. Irradiation of thin films of 2a-2d in air resulted in a rapid decrease of absorption maxima in the ultraviolet region. The photolysis of 2b and 2d in benzene afforded photodegradation products with low molecular weights. When thin films of 2b and 2d were doped with antimony pentafluoride vapor, films which have conductivities of semi-conductor level were obtained. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The practical synthesis of a uterine relaxant, bis(2-[[(2S)-2-([(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-phenyl]ethyl]amino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-7-yl]oxy]-N,N-dimethylacetamide) sulfate (KUR-1246)

The synthetic route for a uterine relaxant, bis(2-[[(2S)-2-([(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-phenyl]ethyl]amino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-7-yl]oxy]-N,N-dimethylacetamide) sulfate (KUR-1246), was established by the coupling of optically active components, the bromohydrin 14 and the amine 24. We now describe the practical synthesis of these two optically active components. Bromohydrin 14 was obtained by the asymmetric borane reduction of the prochiral phenacyl bromide 13 using a catalyst prepared from aluminum triethoxide and a chiral amino alcohol. The other optically active component 24 was prepared from (S)-AMT.